In-situ transmission Electron MicroscopyA powerful and unique approach has been developed by integrating the structural information of a material provided by TEM with the properties measured from the same material or with the conditions of structural changes by in-situ TEM 2-3 . This is also an ideal technique for understanding the propertystructure relationship of individual nanostructures. In-situ electron microscopy is an emerging technique for real time visualisation of micro-structural changes of a specimen under some applied constraints inside microscope. In this study, in-situ nanoindentation experimentation on a carbon nanocoil inside transmission electron microscope has been reported. The elastic modulus of the carbon nanocoil is found to be 177 GPa. Similar experiments are also carried out on carbon nanotubes, but force response of carbon nanotubes is beyond the limit of sensors presently available. The in-situ dissolution behaviour of the secondary phases of a 7xxx series aluminum alloy under high vacuum condition in scanning electron microscope (SEM) in the temperature range of 350 °C to 400 °C has been reported. We report for the first time using in-situ SEM technique that dissolution of the MgZn 2 -base phase present as eutectic and divorced eutectic forms could start at a temperature as low as 300 °C, although the usual homogenisation temperature of such alloys is always > 450 °C. Furthermore, the kinetics of dissolution of such phases, particularly when present in fine eutectic phase mixture, is significantly faster than what is observed under atmospheric pressure. It has been found that modification of surface composition under high vacuum condition plays a key role in the low temperature dissolution processes. It has further been found that the dissolution process does not start with the thinning of the inter-dendritic channels phase as proposed for Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys, rather it occurs by a combination of 'spheroidisation' and thinning process called 'the thinning, discontinuation, and full dissolution' mechanism. Results of the in-stu experiments under high vacuum are compared with the ex-situ dissolution experiments under normal atmospheric pressure.