The Synthesis of Taurine from Sulfate IV. An Alternate Pathway for Taurine Synthesis by the Rat

Martin, William G.; Sass, Neil L.; Hill, Lenora J.; Tarka, Stanley M.; Truex, Raymond C.

doi:10.3181/00379727-141-36839

Cited by 18 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Changes in taurine transport by tissues and in its excretion in the urine may alter tissue taurine levels [42,[45][46][47], Other path ways of taurine synthesis ( fig. 1) may also be important, although there is little evidence to support a quantitatively significant role for any of these [48][49][50],…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Cysteine Dioxygenase and Cysteinesulfinate Decarboxylase Activities and Taurine Levels in Tissues of Pregnant or Lactating Rat Dams and Their Fetuses or Pups

Kuo¹,

Stipanuk²

1984

Neonatology

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The level of taurine and the activities of the two enzymes involved in its synthesis, cysteine dioxygenase and cysteinesulfinate decarboxylase, were measured in tissues of rat dams during pregnancy and lactation and in their fetuses or pups. The most marked changes observed in the dams included an increased hepatic taurine concentration in late pregnancy (20 days), a decreased plasma taurine concentration during late pregnancy and throughout lactation, and a decrease in tissue cysteine dioxygenase activity in late lactation (20 days). These observations suggest that the dam’s taurine pools may be an important source of taurine for secretion in the milk and that pregnant dams may prepare for the onset of lactation by accumulating additional taurine in the liver. There was little if any correlation between the activities of either of these key enzymes in taurine synthesis and tissue taurine levels. The taurine concentrations in liver, brain, heart and plasma of the young decreased between 1 day before birth and 20 days of age. Cysteine dioxygenase and cysteinesulfinate decarboxylase specific activities increased in the brains of pups between birth and 20 days of age, and cysteinesulfinate decarboxylase activity increased in the livers of pups between birth and 20 days of age. Cysteinesulfinate decarboxylase activity in 80-day-old male rats was more than six times that in female littermates, but no effects of sex on cysteine dioxygenase activity or tissue taurine concentrations were observed.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Cysteine Dioxygenase and Cysteinesulfinate Decarboxylase Activities and Taurine Levels in Tissues of Pregnant or Lactating Rat Dams and Their Fetuses or Pups

Kuo¹,

Stipanuk²

1984

Neonatology

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“…We propose that this is due to the fact that SO 4 2-can be a substrate for taurine synthesis [195], and taurine plays a protective role in mitochondria through taurine modification of mitochondrial RNA [196]. Taurine has a pKa value in the range of 8.6 to 9.0 [197], which makes it an excellent candidate for pH buffering in the mitochondria, in order to maintain their basic pH range from 7.5 to 8.5.…”

Section: Signaling Gases: H 2 S No and Comentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase a Moonlighting Protein Whose Day Job is Cholesterol Sulfate Synthesis? Implications for Cholesterol Transport, Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease

Seneff

Lauritzen

Davidson³

et al. 2012

Entropy

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Theoretical inferences, based on biophysical, biochemical, and biosemiotic considerations, are related here to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and other degenerative conditions. We suggest that the "daytime" job of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), when sunlight is available, is to catalyze sulfate production. There is a striking alignment between cell types that produce either cholesterol sulfate or sulfated polysaccharides and those that contain eNOS. The signaling gas, nitric oxide, a wellknown product of eNOS, produces pathological effects not shared by hydrogen sulfide, a sulfur-based signaling gas. We propose that sulfate plays an essential role in HDL-A1 cholesterol trafficking and in sulfation of heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs), both critical to lysosomal recycling (or disposal) of cellular debris. HSPGs are also crucial in glucose metabolism, protecting against diabetes, and in maintaining blood colloidal suspension and capillary flow, through systems dependent on water-structuring properties of sulfate, an anionic kosmotrope. When sunlight exposure is insufficient, lipids accumulate in the atheroma in order to supply cholesterol and sulfate to the heart, using a OPEN ACCESSEntropy 2012, 14 2493 process that depends upon inflammation. The inevitable conclusion is that dietary sulfur and adequate sunlight can help prevent heart disease, diabetes, and other disease conditions.

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“…A diversion of cysteinc sulfur to sulfate for mucopolysaccharide synthesis may have precluded adequate taurine biosynthesis, even though the plasma concentrations of methionine and cystine remained normal in the caseinfed cats. The ability to fix inorganic sulfur with t1-serine to form taurine has been delineated as a possible pathway for taurine biosynthesis in chicks and rats (11). Whether this is an important pathway for taurine synthesis in the cat, as suggested by incorporation studies with "SO4 (12), remnains to be confirmed.…”

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confidence: 99%

Retinal Degeneration Associated with Taurine Deficiency in the Cat

Hayes

Carey

Schmidt

1975

Science

546

119

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A degeneration of the retinal photoreceptor cells develops in cats when casein is the source of dietary protein. Amino acid profiles indicate that the degeneration is associated with a selective decrease in plasma and retinal taurine concentrations. A sulfur amino acid deficit in the casein diet combined with specific amino acid requirements of the cat appear related to this unique expression of taurine deficiency.

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The Synthesis of Taurine from Sulfate IV. An Alternate Pathway for Taurine Synthesis by the Rat

Cited by 18 publications

References 0 publications

Changes in Cysteine Dioxygenase and Cysteinesulfinate Decarboxylase Activities and Taurine Levels in Tissues of Pregnant or Lactating Rat Dams and Their Fetuses or Pups

Changes in Cysteine Dioxygenase and Cysteinesulfinate Decarboxylase Activities and Taurine Levels in Tissues of Pregnant or Lactating Rat Dams and Their Fetuses or Pups

Is Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase a Moonlighting Protein Whose Day Job is Cholesterol Sulfate Synthesis? Implications for Cholesterol Transport, Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease

Retinal Degeneration Associated with Taurine Deficiency in the Cat

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