The synthesis of micromesoporous carbon derived from nitrogen-rich spirulina extract impregnated castor shell based on biomass self-doping for highly efficient supercapacitor electrodes

Okonkwo, Chika A.; Lv, Tao; Hong, Wei; Li, Guifang; Huang, Jiaojiao; Deng, Jingxia; Jia, Lishan; Wu, Minghui; Liu, Huan; Guo, Minxue

doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.154009

Cited by 58 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The composition of carbon precursors has been analyzed by methods like FTIR and TGA, which mainly provide bulk properties. , Such properties cannot exhibit compositional information of precursors deeply into the molecular level, which becomes the bottleneck to explore the convincing relationships between carbon precursors and electrochemical performances. Mass spectrometry (MS) has proven to be a valuable tool for the analysis of complex organic mixtures like fossil fuel and biomass at the molecular level. , Statistical analysis of the data obtained by high-resolution MS can mine the molecular characteristics of samples and compare the difference among various samples.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Building Relationships between Molecular Composition of Carbon Precursor and Capacitance of a Hierarchical Porous Carbon-Based Supercapacitor

Zhang

Sun

Fan

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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A series of carbon precursors were obtained via the co-thermal dissolution of coal and wheat straw (WS) with different weight ratios. Three-dimensional hierarchical porous carbon (HPC X ) materials were prepared from the carbon precursors. Among the porous carbon materials, HPC 1/3 (WS:coal = 1:3 in weight) showed a specific capacitance of 384 F g −1 at 1 A g −1 in 6 M KOH and a good retention capability of 92% at a current density of 10 A g −1 . A symmetrical supercapacitor was further fabricated using HPC 1/3 for both electrodes. The supercapacitor exhibited an excellent cycle lifetime, retaining 98% of specific capacitance after 10 000 cycles. The excellent electrochemical performance of HPC 1/3 is closely related to the corresponding composition of the carbon precursor. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and Orbitrap mass spectrometry were used to reveal the detailed composition of carbon precursors at the molecular level. The N-containing and O-containing compounds in carbon precursors are helpful for the enhancement of capacity, surface polarity, and electrical conductivity. Aromatic compounds with a high unsaturation in a carbon precursor contribute to the high specific capacitance and cycling stability.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Building Relationships between Molecular Composition of Carbon Precursor and Capacitance of a Hierarchical Porous Carbon-Based Supercapacitor

Zhang

Sun

Fan

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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“…Okonkwo et al [ 74 ] employed castor shells to prepare a novel carbon material with a microporosity of 85% through KOH activation at 800 °C. The research groups of Shen and Souza explored the effects of temperature and the char/alkali mass ratio on microporosity.…”

Section: Pore Size Regulation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Micro-/Mesopore Regulation Methods for Plant-Derived Carbon Materials

et al. 2022

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In recent years, renewable and clean energy has become increasingly important due to energy shortage and environmental pollution. Selecting plants as the carbon precursors to replace costly non-renewable energy sources causing severe pollution is a good choice. In addition, owing to their diverse microstructure and the rich chemical composition, plant-based carbon materials are widely used in many fields. However, some of the plant-based carbon materials have the disadvantage of possessing a large percentage of macroporosity, limiting their functionality. In this paper, we first introduce two characteristics of plant-derived carbon materials: diverse microstructure and rich chemical composition. Then, we propose improvement measures to cope with a high proportion of macropores of plant-derived carbon materials. Emphatically, size regulation methods are summarized for micropores (KOH activation, foam activation, physical activation, freezing treatment, and fungal treatment) and mesopores (H3PO4 activation, enzymolysis, molten salt activation, and template method). Their advantages and disadvantages are also compared and analyzed. Finally, the paper makes suggestions on the pore structure improvement of plant-derived carbon materials.

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“…In addition to pyrolysis temperature, the heating rate, holding time, and chemical activation conditions are essential parameters for the resulting CE performance [ 26 , 27 , 28 ]. The heating rate has a strong influence on the AC quality; at a very high heating rate, the proportion of the solid product is reduced due to higher volatilization and gas formation; this leads to shrinkage of the AC and reduction in the specific surface area [ 29 , 30 ].…”

Section: Effect Of the Pyrolysis And Experimental Conditions On Thmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Short Review on the Electrochemical Performance of Hierarchical and Nitrogen-Doped Activated Biocarbon-Based Electrodes for Supercapacitors

et al. 2021

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Cheap and efficient carbon electrodes (CEs) for energy storage systems (ESS) such as supercapacitors (SCs) and batteries are an increasing priority issue, among other things, due to a globally increasing share of intermittent electricity production (solar and wind) and electrification of transport. The increasing consumption of portable and non-portable electronic devices justifies research that enables environmentally and economically sustainable production (materials, processing techniques, and product design) of products with a high electrochemical performance at an acceptable cost. Among all the currently explored CEs materials, biomass-based activated carbons (AC) present enormous potential due to their availability and low-cost, easy processing methods, physicochemical stability, and methods for self-doping. Nitrogen doping methods in CEs for SCs have been demonstrated to enhance its conductivities, surface wettability, and induced pseudocapacitance effect, thereby delivering improved energy/power densities with versatile properties. Herein, a short review is presented, focusing on the different types of natural carbon sources for preparing CEs towards the fabrication of SCs with high electrochemical performance. The influences of ACs’ pore characteristics (micro and mesoporosity) and nitrogen doping on the overall electrochemical performance (EP) are addressed.

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The synthesis of micromesoporous carbon derived from nitrogen-rich spirulina extract impregnated castor shell based on biomass self-doping for highly efficient supercapacitor electrodes

Cited by 58 publications

References 41 publications

Building Relationships between Molecular Composition of Carbon Precursor and Capacitance of a Hierarchical Porous Carbon-Based Supercapacitor

Building Relationships between Molecular Composition of Carbon Precursor and Capacitance of a Hierarchical Porous Carbon-Based Supercapacitor

Advances in Micro-/Mesopore Regulation Methods for Plant-Derived Carbon Materials

A Short Review on the Electrochemical Performance of Hierarchical and Nitrogen-Doped Activated Biocarbon-Based Electrodes for Supercapacitors

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