The synthesis of melamine-based polyether polyol and its effects on the flame retardancy and physical–mechanical property of rigid polyurethane foam

Liu, Yanlin; He, Jiyu; Yang, Rongjie

doi:10.1007/s10853-016-0713-y

Cited by 33 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The formulas of all studied rigid PU foams are listed in Table . The traditional one‐pot method was used to prepare rigid PU foams by box foaming . Polyether polyol (YD‐380, 100 g), stabilizer (8804, 4 g), catalysts (1.5 g PC‐8 and 1.5 g DMP‐30), and blowing agents (1 g water and 32 g HCFC‐141b) were added to a vessel of ~1000 mL and stirred with a high‐speed shear mixer until a homogeneous mixture was obtained.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Properties of a novel inherently flame‐retardant rigid polyurethane foam composite bearing imide and oxazolidinone

Jia

et al. 2019

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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A novel inherently flame-retardant rigid polyurethane (PU) foam with imide and oxazolidinone was prepared by using 3,3 0 ,4,4 0biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTDA) and 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-(10-glycidoxypropylene)-10-phosphap-henanthrene-10-oxide (e-DOPO) as reactive flame retardants. The physical and mechanical properties of the prepared PU foams were investigated. The compressive strength was improved to 0.22 MPa, the thermal conductivity decreased, and the density hardly changed. Thermogravimetric (TG) analysis and TG analysis coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy indicated that the PTDA and e-DOPO showed a small improvement in thermal properties. The fire behaviors were evaluated based on the limited oxygen index (LOI), cone-calorimetry experiment, and smoke-density test. The LOI of the PU foam with PTDA and e-DOPO reached 22.4%. The peak of heat release rate and total heat release decreased to 227.50 kW m −2 and 11.27 MJ m −2 from 281.28 kW m −2 and 14.05 MJ m −2 , respectively. The morphologies of the PU foam and residues after the cone-calorimetry test were characterized by scanning electron microscopy. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis indicated that PTDA and e-DOPO lead to an increase in graphite in the residue and the formation of a better barrier to prevent burning by the condensedphase mechanism.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Properties of a novel inherently flame‐retardant rigid polyurethane foam composite bearing imide and oxazolidinone

Jia

et al. 2019

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…The addition of different fillers and additives has also become important in order to improve the thermal behavior and mechanical properties of polyurethane materials [3]. A wide variety of metallic and mineral fillers are used to improve properties of PUR material and obtain more economical products.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A wide variety of metallic and mineral fillers are used to improve properties of PUR material and obtain more economical products. Depending on the chemical composition and particle size of the fillers, the thermal, burning and mechanical properties of the PUR foams are positively or negatively affected [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Ammonium Polyphosphate/Melamine Additions on Mechanical, Thermal and Burning Properties of Rigid Polyurethane Foams

Yurtseven

2019

Acta Phys. Pol. A

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Rigid polyurethane foams are widely used as thermal insulation materials. However, the foams have fairly poor fire performance. Therefore, different flame retardants are used to enhance the fire resistance of the foams. Meanwhile, it should be pointed out that flame retardant additions into the foams may deteriorate the thermal and mechanical properties of the foams. In this study, intumescent flame retardants are synthesized by using ammonium polyphosphate/melamine in different ratios, namely 3/1, 2/1 and 1/1. The flame retardants were added into the rigid polyurethane foams in 10 wt%. The thermal conductivity, compressive strength, thermogravimetric analysis and UL 94 burning characteristics of the foams were determined and compared. As a result of the experiments, it was found that the best fire resistance can be satisfied with ammonium polyphosphate/melamine (3/1) addition. However, there were slightly increasing in thermal conductivity and decreasing in compressive strength of the foam.

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“…Among a great number of commercial halogen‐free products, melamine‐based flame retardants possess particular advantages such as innocuity, low smoke, and white color. Melamine polyphosphate (MPP), as a typical melamine‐based flame retardant with high nitrogen and phosphorus contents (42–44% N‐containing and 12–14% P‐containing), is very suitable for glass fiber‐reinforced polyamide and has been widely used in this field .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flame‐retardant and thermal degradation mechanisms of melamine polyphosphate in combination with aluminum phosphinate in glass fabric‐reinforced epoxy resin

et al. 2018

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A system based on a nitrogen–phosphorous flame retardant, melamine polyphosphate (MPP), and aluminum phosphinate (OP), was employed to flame‐retard glass fabric‐reinforced epoxy resin composites (GFEP). Surface modification was adopted to effectively solve the aggregation of MPP and OP particles in EP matrix during the curing process. The flammability characteristics and synergistic effect have been studied by using limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning (UL94) tests, thermogravimetric analysis, and pyrolysis‐gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The flame resistance tests indicated that the synergism system with an optimized ratio achieved UL94 V‐0 (1.6 mm) rating and the LOI value of 33.5%. The chemical composition and structure of residue were characterized by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared, and scanning electron microscopy. It is concluded that the synergistic system having a balance of nitrogen element and phosphorous element accelerate the carbonation of EP resin, which was in favor of the construction of compact and continuous charring structure, thus obtaining satisfactory flame retardance. POLYM. COMPOS., 40:3199–3208, 2019. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers

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The synthesis of melamine-based polyether polyol and its effects on the flame retardancy and physical–mechanical property of rigid polyurethane foam

Cited by 33 publications

References 42 publications

Properties of a novel inherently flame‐retardant rigid polyurethane foam composite bearing imide and oxazolidinone

Properties of a novel inherently flame‐retardant rigid polyurethane foam composite bearing imide and oxazolidinone

Effects of Ammonium Polyphosphate/Melamine Additions on Mechanical, Thermal and Burning Properties of Rigid Polyurethane Foams

Flame‐retardant and thermal degradation mechanisms of melamine polyphosphate in combination with aluminum phosphinate in glass fabric‐reinforced epoxy resin

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