The synergistic interference effect of silica nanoparticles concentration and the wavelength of ELISA on the colorimetric assay of cell toxicity

Abstract

The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay is the most common method for the determination of cell toxicity, but some factors limit the sensitivity of this method, such as pH. Less attention had been paid to the interference effect of optical and plasmonic properties of SiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) in the wavelength range assigned to MTT. This study investigated the synergistic interference effect of SiO2 NPs and wavelength on MTT assay for the first time. The examined variables included the type of SiO2 NPs concentrations (1, 10, and 100 mM) and different wavelengths (470, 490, 520, and 570 nm). The results showed that optical density (OD) increased (p < 0.05) when wavelength and the concentration of crystalline SiO2 NPs increased. So, the maximum OD at 10 and 100 mM were attributed to crystalline SiO2 NPs (p < 0.05) due to the functional group, whereas it was related to amorphous at 1 mM (p > 0.05). According to polynomial regression modeling (PRM), the maximum interference effect was predicted at crystalline SiO2 NPs and wavelength > 550 nm. Besides, the synergistic effects of SiO2 NPs, wavelength, and concentration of NPs had been a good fitting with first-order PRM. Thus, the concentration of SiO2 NPs had a confounder factor in colorimetric for MTT assay. The best artificial neural network (ANN) structure was related to the 3:7:1 network (Rall = 0.936, MSE = 0.0006, MAPE = 0.063). The correlation between the actual and predicted data was 0.88. As SiO2 NPs presence is an interfering factor in MTT assay concerning wavelength, it is suggested wavelength use with minimum confounding effect for MTT assay.

Biological Effects of Black Phosphorus Nanomaterials on Mammalian Cells and Animals

“…The interference could be derived from the reduction or adsorption of assay reagents by LBP [16, 25] . This phenomenon has also been observed on carbon‐based nanomaterials, [26] noble metal nanoparticles, [27] silica nanoparticles, [28] and quantum dots [29] . In our recent study, a label‐free real‐time cell analysis technique with no need of fluorescent or colorimetric reagents was introduced to perform the cytotoxicity evaluation of LBP [17] .…”

Eco‐Friendly Transition‐Metal‐Ion‐Doped rGO Nanocomposites with Enhanced Photocatalytic Activities

“…Both MTT and NRU assays also revealed that treatment with 100 µg mL −1 Cr@rGO for 24 h results in a significant decrease in cell viability, while rGO and other TM@rGO display cell viability levels over 95% for the control case. [ 44,45 ]…”

“…Both MTT and NRU assays also revealed that treatment with 100 µg mL −1 Cr@rGO for 24 h results in a significant decrease in cell viability, while rGO and other TM@rGO display cell viability levels over 95% for the control case. [44,45] As mentioned above, the primary objective of the present study was to investigate the effective oxidation of HMF using eco-friendly TM@rGO because the selective conversion of HMF into oxygenated products, such as diformylfuran (DFF), 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furancarboxylic acid (HMFCA), and 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA), can be used to synthesize furan-containing polymers and materials with special properties without any environmental concerns. [46,47] Figure 4a shows the PCD reactivity toward HMF for bare rGO and TM@rGO for 36 h. Importantly, the decomposition efficiency of Fe@rGO is superior to that of the others.…”

Influence of Critical Parameters on Cytotoxicity Induced by Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles

“…Viability assay: An appropriate viability assay must be chosen to measure the toxicity of the test nanoparticle. This is to avoid false positives or false negatives due to the interference with the MSNs, which themselves may lead to misinterpretation of the results [82,83].…”