The synergistic effects of sodium and potassium on the xerophyte Apocynum venetum in response to drought stress

Na+ accumulation alleviates drought stress induced photosynthesis inhibition of PSII and PSI in leaves of Medicago sativa

“…Plants have developed a series of adaptations during their evolutionary process, such as closing the stomata to prevent water loss (Zhang et al 2019a) and increasing the permeability of regulatory organic or inorganic molecules to promotes water absorption (Ashraf and Foolad 2007; Cicatelli et al 2010; Sperdouli and Moustakas 2015; Ahanger and Agarwal 2017). In terms of osmotic regulation, plants can reduce cell osmotic potential by actively absorbing K + or Na + and maintaining cell turgidity, and this requires less energy than synthesizing organic compounds to regulate osmotic potential (Cui et al 2019).…”

“…Aside from K + , Na + can also play a similar role as K + to some extent when it comes to osmotic balance (Erel et al 2014). Although excess Na + is considered as a toxic ion, when adapting to salt stress, in addition to the salt-repelling effect of roots (Wang et al 2006) and the salt secretion of salt glands (Maheshi and Larkin 2017), Na + can be partitioned into vacuoles (Apse and Blumwald 2007), and the partitioned Na + can be used for osmotic adjustment to reduce water potential and increase drought resistance (Kang et al 2015;Cui et al 2019) . Relatively less energy is required for plants to use Na + for osmotic regulation when compared with the energy required for the synthesis and accumulation of organic molecules, making regulation using Na + more economical and efficient (Inès et al 2007;Chen et al 2009).…”

Comprehensive Assessment of Drought Resistance in Seedlings of Five Alfalfa (Medicago Sativa L.) Cultivars

“…On a physiological level, the most important strategy for plants survival in arid environment is osmotic adjustment, by which plants can retain the water and maintain the stability of cell membrane (Quan et al, 2016). Therefore, the physiological indicators such as osmotic potential (Ψs), leaf relative water content (RWC) and relative membrane permeability (RMP), were frequently used to evaluate drought resistance of plants (Foster et al, 2012;Cui et al, 2019). However, it is difficult to determine by single physiological indicator and the result tends to unilateralism, since the mechanism of drought resistance in plants is extremely complex (Cattivelli et al, 2008;Wu et al, 2014).…”

Storage Period and Different Abiotic Factors Regulate Seed Germination of Two Apocynum Species — Cash Crops in Arid Saline Regions in the Northwestern China

“…Plants living in arid regions are expected to experience high levels of drought stress (Cui et al, 2019;Rasheed et al, 2019). Our results indicate that seeds of A. venetum and A. pictum have high drought tolerance and show differential characteristics.…”