The synergistic effect of zinc urate with calcium stearate and commercial assistant stabilizers for stabilizing poly(vinyl chloride)

Ye, Feng; Guo, Xinwen; Zhan, Hui; Lin, Jiaxian; Lou, Weichong; Ma, Xiaotao; Wang, Xu

doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2018.08.012

Cited by 23 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The results of the oven discoloration test for PVC with various concentration proportions of CaSt 2 /ZnOr 2 and CaSt 2 /ZnSt 2 thermal stabilizers are shown in Figure 10 and Figure 11, severally [36]. From Figure 10, it can be observed that the PVC samples with various proportions of CaSt 2 /ZnOr 2 thermal stabilizers showed consistent results with the Congo red test.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 78%

Synthesis and Study of Zinc Orotate and Its Synergistic Effect with Commercial Stabilizers for Stabilizing Poly(Vinyl Chloride)

Feng

Zhan

et al. 2019

Polymers

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Zinc orotate (ZnOr2), which is a new kind of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) stabilizer, is prepared in this work through the precipitation method, and its impact on the thermal stability of PVC is measured by thermogravimetric analysis (TG), Congo red test, and discoloration test. The results exhibit that the thermal stability of PVC is positively enhanced after the addition of ZnOr2. In contrast with a commercial thermal stabilizer, zinc stearate (ZnSt2), a noteworthy improvement was observed that ZnOr2 could postpone the “zinc burning” of PVC. This is principally ascribed to the Or anion in the structure of ZnOr2 being able to absorb the HCl released by PVC, and to supersede unstable chlorine atoms in the structure of PVC. In addition, blending ZnOr2 with calcium stearate (CaSt2) in diverse mass ratios can significantly accelerate the thermal stability of PVC. Optimum performance was achieved with a CaSt2:ZnOr2 ratio of 1.8:1.2. Moreover, an outstanding synergistic effect can be observed when CaSt2/ZnOr2 is coupled with other commercial auxiliary stabilizers. The initial color and long-term stability of PVC including CaSt2/ZnOr2 is significantly increased when pentaerythritol (PER) is added, while dibenzoylmethane (DBM) can only improve its long-term thermal stability.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 78%

Synthesis and Study of Zinc Orotate and Its Synergistic Effect with Commercial Stabilizers for Stabilizing Poly(Vinyl Chloride)

Feng

Zhan

et al. 2019

Polymers

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“…The Congo red method was used to evaluate the influence of different thermal stabilizers on stabilizing PVC, and the results are shown in Figure 3 [6,26]. As can be seen from the figure, the thermal stability time of pure PVC is about 390 s and the thermal stability was improved to varying degrees when the traditional commercial thermal stabilizers LSA, uracil, Ca/Zn and ZnSt 2 are added into PVC, respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to the standard method for the Congo red test (GB2917-2002), a certain amount of PVC and thermal stabilizer with a mass ratio of about 100:3 was adequately ground in the mortar. Then 3 g of the mixture was weighed and put into a glass test tube [5,6]. Subsequently, the Congo red test paper was inserted into the glass test tube and its lowest edge was 2 cm above the upper surface of the mixture to be tested.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to the standard test method for oven discoloration (GB2917-2002), the PVC samples were firstly cut into an appropriate size (15.0 mm × 20.0 mm × 1.0 mm) and then put onto aluminum foil [5,6]. Subsequently, the PVC samples were transferred to a temperature-controlled oven (UF260, Memmert Inc., Schwabach, Germany) at a temperature of 180 °C.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It can be widely used in industry, architecture, agriculture, medicine and other fields because of its outstanding physical and chemical properties, including fire resistance, wear resistance, best comprehensive mechanical properties, transparency, electrical insulation, chemical resistance, heat resistance, sound insulation and other advantages [3,4]. However, PVC will degrade due to its instability at the processing temperature, so thermal stabilizers need to be added during processing [5,6]. Thermal stabilizers can be generally divided into lead salts, soap salts, organotin, rare earth and organic auxiliary thermal stabilizers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development and Investigation of Lanthanum Sulfadiazine with Calcium Stearate and Epoxidised Soyabean Oil as Complex Thermal Stabilizers for Stabilizing Poly(vinyl chloride)

Li³

et al. 2019

Polymers

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Lanthanum sulfadiazine (LaSD) was synthesized from sulfadiazine and lanthanum nitrate using water as solvent under alkaline conditions, and was used as a novel rare earth thermal stabilizer to stabilize poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC). The structure of LaSD was characterized by elemental analysis (EA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermo- gravimetric analysis (TGA). The influence of lanthanum sulfadiazine with calcium stearate (CaSt2) and epoxidized soybean oil (ESBO) on stabilizing PVC was studied by using the Congo red test, oven discoloration test, UV-vis spectroscopy and thermal decomposition kinetics. The results showed that the addition of LaSD as a thermal stabilizer can significantly improve the initial whiteness and long-term stability of PVC. In addition, the synergies between LaSD, ESBO, and CaSt2 can provide outstanding improvement in the long-term thermal stability of PVC. When the ratio of LaSD/ESBO/CaSt2 is 1.8/0.6/0.6, its thermal stability time is 2193 s which is the best state for stabilizing PVC. Furthermore, comparing the reaction energy (Ea) and the variations in the conjugate double bond concentration in PVC samples, the order of thermal stability of PVC was PVC/LaSD/ESBO/CaSt2 > PVC/LaSD/ESBO > PVC/LaSD. The thermal stability mechanism of LaSD on PVC was studied by the AgCl precipitation method and FTIR spectrum. The results showed that the action of LaSD on PVC was achieved through replacing unstable chlorine atoms and absorbing hydrogen chloride.

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Utilizing a blend of expandable graphite and calcium/zinc stearate as a heat stabilizer environmentally friendly for polyvinyl chloride

Morsy,

Anwar,

Anwar

et al. 2023

SPE Polymers

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Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is one of the most important commercial plastics but it is thermally unstable at processing temperatures. Therefore, heat stabilizers are widely used to safeguard by improving resistance of PVC products at high temperature. But most of them are a highly toxic that can cause severe health issues in humans and harmful to the environment. In the present study mixed of calcium/zinc stearate heat stabilizer and green Expandable graphite (EG) is prepared via hydrothermal treatment using additives of nontoxic, environmental protection. The characteristics of the thermal stability of poly vinyl chloride can be investigated by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) will be used to examine structure of the heat stabilizers, A universal testing equipment will be used to determine the mechanical properties and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). From TGA results the weight loss was 43.49% at 342°C for sample with Ca/Zn‐ stearate, while wt loss is 55.87% at 260°C for sample with EG which increase thermal stability. Differential scanning calorimetry affirmed the enhancement of PVC's thermal stability, showing a shift in the glass transition temperature an increase of 67°C. Mechanical tests indicated that samples with EG exhibited higher tensile strength and elongation at break, emphasizing the positive impact on PVC's mechanical properties. The burning test highlighted thermal stability of EG‐containing samples, retaining color and structure even after exposure to 180°C heat. This innovative approach not only enhances thermal stability but also aligns with eco‐friendly principles, making it a promising solution for improving PVC properties.Highlights Ca/Zn‐ stearate, expandable graphite developed by a safe hydrothermal process. Comprehensive analysis indicates improved thermal stability. Safe stabilization of eco‐friendly calcium/zinc, expandable graphite. Effective solution: Eco‐friendly, improved PVC properties. Expandable graphite improved mechanical properties of PVC.

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The synergistic effect of zinc urate with calcium stearate and commercial assistant stabilizers for stabilizing poly(vinyl chloride)

Cited by 23 publications

References 35 publications

Synthesis and Study of Zinc Orotate and Its Synergistic Effect with Commercial Stabilizers for Stabilizing Poly(Vinyl Chloride)

Synthesis and Study of Zinc Orotate and Its Synergistic Effect with Commercial Stabilizers for Stabilizing Poly(Vinyl Chloride)

Development and Investigation of Lanthanum Sulfadiazine with Calcium Stearate and Epoxidised Soyabean Oil as Complex Thermal Stabilizers for Stabilizing Poly(vinyl chloride)

Utilizing a blend of expandable graphite and calcium/zinc stearate as a heat stabilizer environmentally friendly for polyvinyl chloride

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