The Synergistic Effect of Three Essential Oils against Bacteria Responsible for the Development of Lithiasis Infection: An Optimization by the Mixture Design

Abstract

The present study aimed to determine the chemical composition and the synergistic effect of three plants’ essential oils (EOs), Eucalyptus camaldulensis (ECEO), Mentha pulegium (MPEO), and Rosmarinus officinalis (ROEO), against three bacterial strains, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus aureus, in order to increase the antimicrobial effectiveness by the use of a low dose of essential oils, consequently decreasing the toxicity and negative impact. For this reason, an augmented simplex-centroid mixture design was used to build polynomial models in order to highlight the synergy between the essential oils against bacterial strains. Antimicrobial effect screening was performed by the disc diffusion method and the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were also studied. The gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) results show the richness of these essential oils by terpenic compounds, especially 1,8-Cineole and P-Cymene for ECEO, Pulegone for MPEO, and α -Pinene and Camphene for ROEO. Moreover, a significant antibacterial effect has been demonstrated and the best values were revealed by MPEO and ECEO against P. mirabilis and K. pneumoniae, with inhibition zones (IZ) of 25 and 20 mm, respectively, and an MIC of 0.0391% (v:v) against K. pneumoniae. The optimal mixtures showed a synergistic effect of essential oils, and the lowest minimal inhibitory concentrations of the mixtures (MICm) were in the order of 29.38% of MPEO, 45.37% of ECEO, and 25.25% of ROEO against P. mirabilis and in the order of 60.61% of MPEO and 39.39% of ROEO against K. pneumoniae. These results indicate the antibacterial efficacy of the three essential oils combined and suggest their importance in the treatment of urinary tract infections caused by resistant bacterial strains.

Frequency of Renal Lithiasis among Patients Visiting a Tertiary Care Public Sector Hospital in Peshawar, Pakistan.

“…F. Barbey et al made comparable perceptions of increased urinary PH (>7.2) claim for the amalgam of struvite calculus. 7 In this study, 13.2% of cases, had radiological proof of Staghorn calculi. Another has reported 2-3% of staghorn calculi.…”

“…Calculus that are < 5 mm (0.2 in) in diameter can pass spontaneously in 98% of cases, while those which are measuring 5-10 mm (0.2 -0.4 in) in diameter can pass spontaneously in < 53% of the cases. 7,8 Stones which are large enough to fill out the renal calyces are called staghorn calculi; these are only formed in presence of urease-forming bacteria. Other forms which can possibly grow to become staghorn calculi are those comprise of uric acid, cystine, & calcium oxalate monohydrate.…”

An Optimization of Oregano, Thyme, and Lemongrass Essential Oil Blend to Simultaneous Inactivation of Relevant Foodborne Pathogens by Simplex–Centroid Mixture Design

“…Regarding the mixtures of EOs (proportion 50%:50%), the promising blended EOs were those with negative coefficient values, indicating an increased antibacterial effect by acting additively or synergistically ( Table 2 ). Otherwise, a positive coefficient value suggests an antagonist effect [ 33 ]. In this way, a significant effect was observed in the ORE 0.5 + LG 0.5 and THY 0.5 + LG 0.5 for inhibiting and killing E. coli ( Table 2 ), especially THY 0.5 + LG 0.5 , due to the lowest coefficients, revealing an interesting combination against this bacterium.…”

Simultaneous Hydrodistillation of Cedrus atlantica Manetti and Salvia rosmarinus Spenn: Optimization of anti-wood-decay fungal activity using mixture design methodology

“…atlantica to attain a GT EC50 of 11.48 µg/mL and a PP EC50 of 22.62 µg/mL, with a desirability level of 0.99. Through experimental design methodology, which involves employing mixture de-sign models, several studies have investigated the applications of experiment design as antimicrobial properties (Fadil et al 2018;Chraibi et al 2021;Kachkoul et al 2021;Falleh et al 2019). Nonetheless, no studies have been published on applying mixture design models to inhibit wood-decay fungi.…”