“…Enhanced biocompatibility, fatigue resistance, and the ability to accelerate bone healing have prompted researchers and clinicians to alter the surface characteristics of metallic bioimplants. The surface properties of metallic bioimplants, e.g., SS, titanium, magnesium, and cobalt-based alloys, play a significant role in the interfacial bonding between the metal implant and surrounding human body tissues. , As the surface of an implant directly interacts with body fluids, properties such as surface bioactivity, roughness/topography, pore structure, electrical charge, wettability, crystallinity, and modulus can determine the successful integration of an implant. − When the integration of the implant surface with host tissues is suboptimal, fibrous tissue formation occurs at the interface, resulting in implant loosening and eventual failure. Technological advancements continuously strive to minimize implant failures and reduce the need for revision surgeries by enhancing biocompatibility, corrosion resistance, mechanical properties, and antimicrobial activity. ,− …”