The synergistic effect of exposure to alcohol, tobacco smoke and other risk factors for age-related macular degeneration

Torre, Giuseppe La; Pacella, Elena; Saulle, Rosella; Giraldi, G; Pacella, Fernanda; Lenzi, Tommaso; Mastrangelo, Olga; Mirra, Federica; Aloe, Gianluca; Turchetti, Paolo; Brillante, Chiara; Paolis, Giulio De; Boccia, Antonio; Giustolisi, Rosalia

doi:10.1007/s10654-013-9798-7

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…In addition, to provide a better understanding in diabetes as an independent risk factor for AMD, fourteen studies that presented diabetes as a covariate and provided ORs/RRs/HRs from baseline data without any adjustment were excluded, involving 12 cross-sectional [11], [15], [17], [28], [29], [30], [31], [32], [33], [34], [35], [36] and 2 case-control studies [37], [38]. The 24 articles included 1858350 participants in 27 independent study populations, comprising 7 cohort studies [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], 9 cross-sectional studies [9], [14], [16], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], and 11 case-control studies [12], [13], [36], [49], [50], [51], [52], [53], [54], [55], [56]. Among the 27 study populations, 10 were in Asia, 9 in North America (United States), 6 in Europe, 1 in Oceania (Australia), and 1 in South America (Barbados).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diabetes Mellitus and Risk of Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Xue

Rong

et al. 2014

PLoS ONE

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Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a major cause of severe vision loss in elderly people. Diabetes mellitus is a common endocrine disorder with serious consequences, and diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the main ophthalmic complication. DR and AMD are different diseases and we seek to explore the relationship between diabetes and AMD. MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were searched for potentially eligible studies. Studies based on longitudinal cohort, cross-sectional, and case-control associations, reporting evaluation data of diabetes as an independent factor for AMD were included. Reports of relative risks (RRs), hazard ratios (HRs), odds ratio (ORs), or evaluation data of diabetes as an independent factor for AMD were included. Review Manager and STATA were used for the meta-analysis. Twenty four articles involving 27 study populations were included for meta-analysis. In 7 cohort studies, diabetes was shown to be a risk factor for AMD (OR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.00–1.14). Results of 9 cross-sectional studies revealed consistent association of diabetes with AMD (OR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.00–1.45), especially for late AMD (OR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.44–1.51). Similar association was also detected for AMD (OR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.13–1.49) and late AMD (OR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.11–1.21) in 11 case-control studies. The pooled ORs for risk of neovascular AMD (nAMD) were 1.10 (95% CI, 0.96–1.26), 1.48 (95% CI, 1.44–1.51), and 1.15 (95% CI, 1.11–1.21) from cohort, cross-sectional and case-control studies, respectively. No obvious divergence existed among different ethnic groups. Therefore, we find diabetes a risk factor for AMD, stronger for late AMD than earlier stages. However, most of the included studies only adjusted for age and sex; we thus cannot rule out confounding as a potential explanation for the association. More well-designed prospective cohort studies are still warranted to further examine the association.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diabetes Mellitus and Risk of Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Xue

Rong

et al. 2014

PLoS ONE

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“…alcohol-related liver disease) and those where alcohol is one of many multifactorial causes (e.g. oesophageal cancer, breast cancer, hypertension and macular degeneration) [ 3 , 35 – 37 ]. Arguably, less attention is paid to increased risk drinkers (here males >21–50 units or >168–400 g of pure alcohol/week; females >15–35 units, >112–280 g of pure alcohol/week).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The alcohol harm paradox: using a national survey to explore how alcohol may disproportionately impact health in deprived individuals

et al. 2016

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BackgroundInternationally, studies show that similar levels of alcohol consumption in deprived communities (vs. more affluent) result in higher levels of alcohol-related ill health. Hypotheses to explain this alcohol harm paradox include deprived drinkers: suffering greater combined health challenges (e.g. smoking, obesity) which exacerbate effects of alcohol harms; exhibiting more harmful consumption patterns (e.g. bingeing); having a history of more harmful consumption; and disproportionately under-reporting consumption. We use a bespoke national survey to assess each of these hypotheses.MethodsA national telephone survey designed to test this alcohol harm paradox was undertaken (May 2013 to April 2014) with English adults (n = 6015). Deprivation was assigned by area of residence. Questions examined factors including: current and historic drinking patterns; combined health challenges (smoking, diet, exercise and body mass); and under-reported consumption (enhanced questioning on atypical/special occasion drinking). For each factor, analyses examined differences between deprived and more affluent individuals controlled for total alcohol consumption.ResultsIndependent of total consumption, deprived drinkers were more likely to smoke, be overweight and report poor diet and exercise. Consequently, deprived increased risk drinkers (male >168–400 g, female >112–280 g alcohol/week) were >10 times more likely than non-deprived counterparts to drink in a behavioural syndrome combining smoking, excess weight and poor diet/exercise. Differences by deprivation were significant but less marked in higher risk drinkers (male >400 g, female >280 g alcohol/week). Current binge drinking was associated with deprivation independently of total consumption and a history of bingeing was also associated with deprivation in lower and increased risk drinkers.ConclusionsDeprived increased/higher drinkers are more likely than affluent counterparts to consume alcohol as part of a suite of health challenging behaviours including smoking, excess weight and poor diet/exercise. Together these can have multiplicative effects on risks of wholly (e.g. alcoholic liver disease) and partly (e.g. cancers) alcohol-related conditions. More binge drinking in deprived individuals will also increase risks of injury and heart disease despite total alcohol consumption not differing from affluent counterparts. Public health messages on how smoking, poor diet/exercise and bingeing escalate health risks associated with alcohol are needed, especially in deprived communities, as their absence will contribute to health inequalities.

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“…The choriocapillaris degenerates in early stages of AMD, before loss of photoreceptor cells or RPE [ 12 ]. Although AMD is a complicated process that involves both age-related change and tissue damage caused by multiple stresses, age plays the most important role [ 27 ]. Functionally normal RPE and choroidal vasculature play a critical role in maintaining retinal health.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the effect of age on macular layer thickness in a healthy Chinese cohort using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography

Liu

Cheng

et al. 2018

BMC Ophthalmol

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BackgroundTo determine the effect of age on the thickness of individual retinal and choroidal vascular layers in the macula in an ophthalmologically healthy Chinese cohort by using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT).MethodsIn all, 525 health eyes of 525 subjects were examined with SD-OCT. The instrument automatically obtained the regional retinal thickness of 8 layers. Subfoveal choroidal vascular layers’ thickness was measured using enhanced depth imaging mode. The correlation of age with layer thickness measurements was determined.ResultsNo age-associated variation was found on retinal thickness (RT) in the fovea; however, the foveal thickness of outer nuclear layer (ONL), retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and vascular sublayers of the choroid decreased significantly with aging in this area (P < 0.05, respectively). Significant age-related reduction was seen in RT in the pericentral and peripheral rings (P < 0.05, respectively). The significant variation in thinning of the ganglion cell layer, inner plexiform layer, and ONL with aging is thought to be the main determinant of these results (P < 0.05, respectively). On the contrary, the RPE layout showed age-related thickening (P < 0.05, respectively) in the pericentral and peripheral regions.ConclusionsThe thickness of individual layers of the macula may be determinants of the age-related variations observed in the ophthalmologically healthy Chinese cohort, as assessed by SD-OCT examination.

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The synergistic effect of exposure to alcohol, tobacco smoke and other risk factors for age-related macular degeneration

Abstract: [No abstract available

Cited by 12 publications

References 10 publications

Diabetes Mellitus and Risk of Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Diabetes Mellitus and Risk of Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

The alcohol harm paradox: using a national survey to explore how alcohol may disproportionately impact health in deprived individuals

Assessment of the effect of age on macular layer thickness in a healthy Chinese cohort using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography

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