The synergistic effect of cuprous oxide on an intumescent flame-retardant epoxy resin system

Abstract

Neat epoxy resin (EP) is a highly flammable material, and the pyrolysis volatiles of it contain some harmful gases such as carbon monoxide, aromatic compounds, hydrocarbons, etc.

Enhancing flame retardance of epoxy resin by incorporation into ammonium polyphosphate/boron nitride nanosheets/zinc ferrite three‐dimensional porous aerogel via vacuum‐assisted infiltration

“…Fortunately, the char residue of EP composites was increased significantly, compared to pure EP (8.5 wt %). Specially, the phosphoric acid generated from APP can promote the decomposition of EP as well as the formation of an expanded char layer, the char residue of APP10/BNNS1/ZF0.1‐EP (26.6 wt %) is much larger than that of pure EP (8.5 wt %), as reported elsewhere …”

“…The 3D TG‐IR spectra of the pyrolysis products as well as the FTIR spectra of the volatile products at the maximum decomposition rate are shown in Figures and , respectively. Their decomposed products show similar characteristic absorbance bands: the major peaks at 3500–4000 cm −1 , 2300–2400 cm −1 , 2180 cm −1 , 1740 cm −1 , 1510–1610 cm −1 , and 964 as well as 930 cm −1 are assigned to H 2 O, CO 2 , CO, carbonyl group, aromatic compounds, and NH 3 , respectively, except that EP matrix does not show the absorbance bands of NH 3 at 964 and 930 cm −1 (due to the thermal decomposition of APP). Moreover, the EP‐based composite exhibits weaker FTIR peaks of thermally decomposed organic volatile compounds especially hydrocarbons as well as stronger FTIR peaks of thermally decomposed H 2 O and NH 3 than pristine EP [Figure (a)].…”

Facile synthesis of a flame retardant melamine phenylphosphate and its epoxy resin composites with simultaneously improved flame retardancy, smoke suppression and water resistance

“…6, it can be found that pure EP resin has one HRR peak, while the EP/MPhP composites burn with two HRR peaks, which is similar to some intumescent ame retardant systems. [38][39][40][41] The rst peak is usually caused by the combustion of polymer resins, and the second peak may be due to the further cracking and effective pyrolysis of formed char. 42 The SEM images of the residues of pure EP and the EP/MPhP composites are shown in Fig.…”

Synergistic effect of bismuth oxide and mono‐component intumescent flame retardant on the flammability and smoke suppression properties of epoxy resins

“…The incorporation of synergists into the intumescent system is another effective way to reduce the loading of IFR and acquire desired flame‐retardant efficiency, and these synergists include montmorillonite, polyoxometalate, graphene, and metal oxide . Bi 2 O 3 is an effective flame retardant and shows promising flame‐retarded effect in polymeric materials.…”

“…8,9 Gao et al 10 The incorporation of synergists into the intumescent system is another effective way to reduce the loading of IFR and acquire desired flame-retardant efficiency, and these synergists include montmorillonite, polyoxometalate, graphene, and metal oxide. [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]…”