The synergistic effect of cooperating solvent vapor annealing for high-efficiency planar inverted perovskite solar cells

Yi, Ahra; Chae, Sangmin; Lee, Hanbin; Kim, Hyo Jung

doi:10.1039/c9ta08791e

Cited by 26 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…This process resembles solventassisted annealing (SA), but SA requires a precise control of the amount of additional DMSO. 16 In contrast, CPA has the effect of increasing the grain size and is easier to handle.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is also to prevent the volatilization of FA species, which slows down the nucleation growth and contributes to the increase in grain size in following heat treatment. This process resembles solvent-assisted annealing (SA), but SA requires a precise control of the amount of additional DMSO . In contrast, CPA has the effect of increasing the grain size and is easier to handle.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Formamidinium-Based Perovskite Solar Cells with Enhanced Moisture Stability and Performance via Confined Pressure Annealing

Liu

Dou

et al. 2020

J. Phys. Chem. C

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Formamidinium (FA)-based perovskite solar cells (PSC) show enhanced stability compared to their methylammonium (MA)-based counterparts. However, their stability needs to be further enhanced for the potential commercial applications. We demonstrate here that the high-quality thin film can be obtained for the FA-based perovskite with remarkably enhanced moisture stability using a confined-pressure annealing (CPA) processing and controlling the amount of Cs introduced into the FAPbI 3 perovskite precursor solution. Without additional 2D cation additives, surface passivation, or encapsulation, no phase degradation was observed for the Cs 0.1 FA 0.9 PbI 3 perovskite under a humidity of 70% RH for over 500 h. The unencapsulated device maintained over 70% performance for 500 h compared to <80 h of the conventional processed devices, which is comparable to the outstanding moisture stability of the 2D/3D perovskites. The FAbased perovskite grain size was promoted to over 1 μm with a high static water contact angle up to 112°. The surface cation composition was varied with the concentrated FA cation species at the surface while homogenized Cs/FA distribution inside the film. The trapped-state density and carrier recombination rate were also reduced with a high fill factor of 82% and an efficiency over 20.23%. This work suggests that the intrinsic stability of the 3D perovskite could be further enhanced by adjusting the surface compositions during the crystallization process.

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Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formamidinium-Based Perovskite Solar Cells with Enhanced Moisture Stability and Performance via Confined Pressure Annealing

Liu

Dou

et al. 2020

J. Phys. Chem. C

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“…The N 1s spectrum shows a small peak at 402.2 eV, suggesting the MA + cation in the composite (Figure S32b). 45 Two sharp peaks in the Pb 4f spectrum at 138.5 and 143.3 eV can be related to the 4f 7/2 and 4f 5/2 of the Pb 2+ from the Pb−Br interaction, and the other peaks at 136.8 and 141.6 eV are from the Pb 0 , which commonly appear in XPS spectra of perovskites (Figure S32c). 24,46 Peaks at 68.7 and 69.7 eV in the Br 3d spectrum refer to the 3d 5/2 and 3d 3/2 , which also correspond to the inner and surface Br − in perovskites (Figure S32d).…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Synthesis of Imine-Based Covalent Organic Frameworks Catalyzed by Metal Halides and in Situ Growth of Perovskite@COF Composites

Liu

Zhu

Alahakoon

et al. 2020

ACS Materials Lett.

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The development of economical and versatile catalysts is of both technological and fundamental interest in the synthesis of COFs. Imine COFs are a widely investigated class of COFs commonly synthesized via the Schiff base reaction that requires the use of acetic acid, elevated temperatures, reduced pressure, and long reaction periods. Here, we present group 14–15 metal halides as general and low-cost catalysts for the synthesis of imine COFs. The catalytic activity of lead, antimony, and bismuth halides is proved by the successful synthesis of a series of imine COFs with varying pore sizes and structural stability. Synthesis of highly crystalline COFs with surface areas up to 2522 m2/g is achieved. Mechanistic studies reveal that the dynamic imine exchange triggered by metal halides promotes the crystallization of COFs. The COF matrices formed under metal halide catalysis were used for in situ perovskite synthesis. The perovskite@COF composites maintain the integrity of COFs while enhancing the stability of perovskites by being embedded in COFs. This work expands the catalyst choice for imine-based COFs and provides a design paradigm for the synthesis of perovskite@COF composites for future applications.

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“…PSC Fabrication: The process used to fabricate the MAPbI 3 perovskite precursor and films was exactly the same as that described in our previous work. [8,27,28] A mixture with a 1:1:1 molar ratio of MAI, PbI 2 , and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was dissolved in dimethylformamide (DMF) at 50 wt%, and the resultant solution was stirred on a hotplate at 60 C for 2 h (MAI: 158.97 mg, PbI 2 : 461.01 mg, DMSO: 71 μL, DMF: 633 μL). The fully dissolved MAPbI 3 precursor was spin-coated onto the various NiO x layers at 5000 rpm for 25 s; 0.2 mL of chlorobenzene (CB) was dropped 6-7 s after the spin-coating process was started.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All of the as-fabricated films were subjected to thermal annealing at 100 C for 20 min. We did not apply solvent vapor annealing (SVA) as post-treatment [27] to the perovskite films to investigate the effects of codoped NiO x HTLs on perovskite film growth. The PCBM used as electron-transporting layer was dissolved in CB at a concentration of 20 mg mL À1 , and the PCBM solution was spin coated onto the perovskite layer at 1000 rpm for 40 s, followed by annealing at 100 C for 20 min.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic Effect of Codoped Nickel Oxide Hole–Transporting Layers for Highly Efficient Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells

Chae

Lee

et al. 2021

Solar RRL

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Inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs), which feature an attractive structure for diverse applications such as tandem SCs or flexible devices, continue to be rapidly developed. Among various hole‐transporting layer (HTL) materials, nickel oxide (NiO x ) is widely used as a stable and superior HTL even though it exhibits poor conductivity. Although various methods have been proposed to overcome the low conductivity of NiO x films, codoping methods have not been extensively studied and remain poorly understood. Herein, Li:Cu:NiO x is systematically investigated to explore the synergistic effect of codoping in various NiO x HTLs and PSCs. The optical, chemical, and morphological properties of the films are characterized and the dependence of these properties on the codoping ratio are investigated. A gradual improvement of the electrical properties and a tunable Fermi energy level resulting from the Li:Cu codopants is subsequently demonstrated. Furthermore, the structure of the perovskite films on HTLs and the synergistic effect on the preferred crystal growth behavior are elucidated. An inverted PSC with high efficiency was attained as a result of the enhanced electrical properties of the NiO x HTLs and the high quality of the perovskite film, which were attributed to the synergistic effect of the Li:Cu codoping method.

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The synergistic effect of cooperating solvent vapor annealing for high-efficiency planar inverted perovskite solar cells

Abstract: We propose co-solvent vapor annealing (SVA) as an effective post-treatment process to improve the quality of crystals and grains for high-efficiency perovskite solar cells.

Cited by 26 publications

References 57 publications

Formamidinium-Based Perovskite Solar Cells with Enhanced Moisture Stability and Performance via Confined Pressure Annealing

Formamidinium-Based Perovskite Solar Cells with Enhanced Moisture Stability and Performance via Confined Pressure Annealing

Synthesis of Imine-Based Covalent Organic Frameworks Catalyzed by Metal Halides and in Situ Growth of Perovskite@COF Composites

Synergistic Effect of Codoped Nickel Oxide Hole–Transporting Layers for Highly Efficient Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells

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