The syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone: prevalence, causes and consequences

Abstract

Hyponatraemia is the commonest electrolyte abnormality found in hospital inpatients, and is associated with a greatly increased morbidity and mortality. The syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) is the most frequent cause of hyponatraemia in hospital inpatients. SIADH is the clinical and biochemical manifestation of a wide range of disease processes, and every case warrants investigation of the underlying cause. In this review, we will examine the prevalence, pathophysiology, clinical characteristics and clinical consequences of hyponatraemia due to SIADH.European Journal of Endocrinology 162 S5-S12

A case of the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) associated with lupus erythematosus in the central nervous system

“…It is known that SIADH is not rarely complicated with intra-thoracic or intra-cranial disorders, and is occasionally triggered by a variety of medications [4]. Our patient was previously diagnosed with Guillain-Barré syndrome, which is known to be occasionally complicated with SIADH [4]. However, 20 years had passed since the onset of that syndrome, with neither relapse nor re-activation of the disease in our patient.…”

“…Indeed, the diagnosis was confirmed by an inappropriate decrease in the plasma ADH concentration in the latter phase of this admission. It is known that SIADH is not rarely complicated with intra-thoracic or intra-cranial disorders, and is occasionally triggered by a variety of medications [4]. Our patient was previously diagnosed with Guillain-Barré syndrome, which is known to be occasionally complicated with SIADH [4].…”

Impact of hyponatremia and the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis on mortality in elderly patients with aspiration pneumonia

“…11,12 Clinical Outcomes The primary outcome of analysis was defined as mortality within 30 days of admission (''30-day mortality''). The secondary outcome was defined as mortality during the hospital stay (''in-hospital mortality'').…”

Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone in a Bulldog with Aspiration Pneumonia

“…Causes of SIADH in humans include pulmonary disorders (pneumonia, non small cell lung cancer), central nervous system (CNS) disorders (particularly traumatic brain injury and subarachnoid hemorrhage), medications (eg, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) and neoplasia. Of particular interest, a causal relationship has been identified in humans between head and neck surgeries (specifically primary brain tumor removal) and development of SIADH 9, 10, 11, 12…”

“…Normovolemic hyponatremia is the most common type of hyponatremia in hospitalized human patients, and includes SIADH. This syndrome is the most common cause of hyponatremia in human patients and is a contributing factor to morbidity and mortality 9. Its prevalence or impact in veterinary patients has not yet been well defined.…”