The Symbiosis of Combat Casualty Care and Civilian Trauma Care: 1914–2007

Pruitt, Basil A.

doi:10.1097/ta.0b013e3181645d77

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Since World War I, and through the recent military conflicts in Afghanistan and Iraq, advances in military trauma care have occurred after every protracted war and conflict. 1 Many of these clinical advances have transitioned to improve civilian trauma care. However, even with great medical advances following World War I (ie, wound care, correction of blood loss, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Battlefield Trauma-Induced Hypothermia: Transitioning the Preferred Method of Casualty Rewarming

Bennett

Holcomb²

2017

Wilderness & Environmental Medicine

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For centuries, cold and wet weather has affected military combat operations leading to tremendous loss of manpower caused by cold-weather-related injuries including trench foot, frostbite, and hypothermia. The initial battlefield management of hypothermia in military personnel had not advanced significantly following many wars and conflicts until 2006. The aim of this review is to: 1) provide an overview of trauma-induced hypothermia (TIH); 2) highlight the Department of Defense strategy for the implementation of a hypothermia clinical management program for battlefield (prehospital) casualties; 3) highlight the research and development of the Hypothermia Prevention and Management Kit (HPMK) as the preferred field rewarming system for battlefield TIH; and 4) emphasize how the HPMK can be easily transitioned to the civilian sector for active rewarming of both accidental and TIH patients. The HPMK is ideal for those working in civilian Emergency Medical Services and austere prehospital care environments. This kit is a low cost, lightweight, small dimension commercial product that can provide effective passive management or active rewarming for both accidental (primary) and trauma-induced (secondary) hypothermia patients.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Battlefield Trauma-Induced Hypothermia: Transitioning the Preferred Method of Casualty Rewarming

Bennett

Holcomb²

2017

Wilderness & Environmental Medicine

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“…However, General J. M. T. Finney of the AEF Surgical Service asked now Major Cannon to direct a new Laboratory for Surgical Research at the Central Medical Laboratory that he had established at Dijon, France (Fig. 4) (41). Cannon served in this capacity for the remainder of the war, continuing experimental research focused on shock, although his efforts were somewhat redirected on receipt of correspondence from Bayliss stating that he could not replicate their earlier results indicating acidosis as a cause of shock (2).…”

Section: Cannon's War Experiencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Walter B. Cannon’s World War I experience: treatment of traumatic shock then and now

Ryan

2018

Advances in Physiology Education

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Walter B. Cannon (1871-1945), perhaps America's preeminent physiologist, volunteered for service with the Army Expeditionary Force (AEF) during World War I. He initially served with Base Hospital No. 5, a unit made up of Harvard clinicians, before moving forward to the front lines to serve at a casualty clearing station run by the British. During his time there, he performed research on wounded soldiers to understand the nature and causes of traumatic shock. Subsequently, Cannon performed animal experimentation on the causes of traumatic shock in the London laboratory of Dr. William Bayliss before being assigned to the AEF Central Medical Laboratory in Dijon, France, where he continued his experimental studies. During this time, he also developed and taught a curriculum on resuscitation of wounded soldiers to medical providers. Although primarily a researcher and teacher, Cannon also performed clinical duties throughout the war, serving with distinction under fire. After the war, Cannon wrote a monograph entitled Traumatic Shock (New York: Appleton, 1923), which encapsulated the knowledge that had been gained during the war, both from direct observation of wounded soldiers, as well as laboratory experimentation on the causes and treatment of traumatic shock. In his monograph, Cannon elucidates a number of principles concerning hemorrhagic shock that were later forgotten, only to be "rediscovered" during the current conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan. This paper summarizes Cannon's wartime experiences and the knowledge gained concerning traumatic shock during World War I, with a comparison of current combat casualty care practices and knowledge to that which Cannon and his colleagues understood a century ago.

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“…Many historical advances in prehospital and operative care have occurred during wars and conflicts, with additional benefits when military lessons learned are transitioned to civilian medicine. 1,2 Since the beginning of the Afghanistan and Iraq military conflicts in 2001, many medical advances in military trauma care have been made to decrease morbidity and mortality based on more than 52,000 US combat casualties. Many of these clinical advances are being transitioned into the civilian sector—for example, external and internal hemorrhage control, coagulopathy, acidosis, and blood component therapy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bleeding Control Using Hemostatic Dressings: Lessons Learned

Bennett

2017

Wilderness & Environmental Medicine

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Based on lessons learned, many military battlefield trauma advances ultimately transition to enhance civilian trauma care. However, even with major strides to enhance battlefield hemorrhage control, it is unclear how effectively these techniques and products are being translated to civilian trauma. The purpose of this brief review is to present the evidence of current hemostatic product effectiveness, determine the evidence for transitioning of this technology to prehospital civilian application, and provide recommendations about potential use in the wilderness/austere setting. It is concluded that there is adequate evidence of hemorrhage control effectiveness in both military and civilian preclinical studies and clinical case series. The Committee on Tactical Combat Casualty Care recommends implementing approved hemostatic dressings as one part of a comprehensive hemorrhage control training and clinical management program. These recommendations for hemostatic dressings use by public safety and laypersons should be applied in acute transport urban settings or during prolonged care in austere environments.

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The Symbiosis of Combat Casualty Care and Civilian Trauma Care: 1914–2007

Cited by 16 publications

References 14 publications

Battlefield Trauma-Induced Hypothermia: Transitioning the Preferred Method of Casualty Rewarming

Battlefield Trauma-Induced Hypothermia: Transitioning the Preferred Method of Casualty Rewarming

Walter B. Cannon’s World War I experience: treatment of traumatic shock then and now

Bleeding Control Using Hemostatic Dressings: Lessons Learned

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