The "Switch Process" in Manic-Depressive Illness

Bunney, William E.

doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1972.01750270005001

Cited by 152 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Acute overwhelming stress (accidents, illness, loss of employment) on top of the chronic stress of social isolation often precede decompensation in bipolar patients 69 and relapse into alcoholism. 70 With that in mind, our mice were subjected to a chronic stress paradigm consisting of isolation (single housing) for 1 month, overlaid with an acute stressor (a series of behavioral challenge tests) at the end of the third week of isolation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Convergent functional genomic studies of omega-3 fatty acids in stress reactivity, bipolar disorder and alcoholism

et al. 2011

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Omega-3 fatty acids have been proposed as an adjuvant treatment option in psychiatric disorders. Given their other health benefits and their relative lack of toxicity, teratogenicity and side effects, they may be particularly useful in children and in females of child-bearing age, especially during pregnancy and postpartum. A comprehensive mechanistic understanding of their effects is needed. Here we report translational studies demonstrating the phenotypic normalization and gene expression effects of dietary omega-3 fatty acids, specifically docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), in a stress-reactive knockout mouse model of bipolar disorder and co-morbid alcoholism, using a bioinformatic convergent functional genomics approach integrating animal model and human data to prioritize disease-relevant genes. Additionally, to validate at a behavioral level the novel observed effects on decreasing alcohol consumption, we also tested the effects of DHA in an independent animal model, alcohol-preferring (P) rats, a well-established animal model of alcoholism. Our studies uncover sex differences, brain region-specific effects and blood biomarkers that may underpin the effects of DHA. Of note, DHA modulates some of the same genes targeted by current psychotropic medications, as well as increases myelin-related gene expression. Myelin-related gene expression decrease is a common, if nonspecific, denominator of neuropsychiatric disorders. In conclusion, our work supports the potential utility of omega-3 fatty acids, specifically DHA, for a spectrum of psychiatric disorders such as stress disorders, bipolar disorder, alcoholism and beyond.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Convergent functional genomic studies of omega-3 fatty acids in stress reactivity, bipolar disorder and alcoholism

et al. 2011

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“…Patients whose data are the focus of this report had forms of bipolar illness with the following characteristics: 1) a diagnosis of rapid-cycling bipolar disorder, according to criteria that prevailed at the time that they were studied; 9–11 2) a circular course of illness in which sustained episodes of mania of several weeks’ duration regularly alternated with sustained episodes of depression of similar duration; 3) a prominent “switch process” in which patients transitioned abruptly from one mood state to the other over the course of a day or so; 7,8 and, 4) a frequency of six or more complete (mania + depression) cycles, that is, twelve or more affective episodes per year.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7,9,10,13 Research nurses also recorded the dates of Patients 12 and 16’s menses during the periods when their mood cycles were monitored.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bipolar mood cycles and lunar tidal cycles

Wehr

2017

Mol Psychiatry

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In seventeen patients with rapid cycling bipolar disorder, time-series analyses detected synchronies between mood cycles and three lunar cycles that modulate the amplitude of the moon’s semi-diurnal gravimetric tides: the 14.8-day spring-neap cycle, the 13.7-day declination cycle, and the 206-day cycle of perigee-syzygies (“supermoons”). The analyses also revealed shifts among 1:2, 1:3, 2:3 and other modes of coupling of mood cycles to the two bi-weekly lunar cycles. These shifts appear to be responses to the conflicting demands of the mood cycles’ being entrained simultaneously to two different bi-weekly lunar cycles with slightly different periods. Measurements of circadian rhythms in body temperature suggest a biological mechanism through which transits of one of the moon’s semi-diurnal gravimetric tides might have driven the patients’ bipolar cycles, by periodically entraining the circadian pacemaker to its 24.84-hour rhythm and altering the pacemaker’s phase-relationship to sleep in a manner that is known to cause switches from depression to mania.

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“…">A transitional state between mania and depression representing a ‘switch process’ in the continuum hypothesis of bipolar disease. [15,16,39]. A severe form of mania in a stage‐related conception of manic episodes [26,34,35]. Different entities resulting from the intrusion into a temperament of an opposite affective episode [40,41]. A distinct affective state with the superposition of manic and depressive symptoms [24,32].…”

Section: Ii) a New Approach To The Nosography Of The Mixed Statesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A theoretical reappraisal of mixed states: dysphoria as a third dimension

Dayer¹,

Aubry²,

Roth³

et al. 2000

Bipolar Disorders

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Mixed states are heterogeneous clinical entities difficult to define precisely. The stringent actual DSM IV criteria are unsatisfactory for current clinical use. Many frequently encountered mixed patients benefit without an accurate diagnosis from biological therapeutic interventions such as the introduction of mood stabilizers. We propose a brief review of the definition and characteristics of mixed states and propose a new approach to the typology of mixed states. Based on recent literature data, we add to the depressive and manic syndrome the concept of dysphoria as a third dimension. Integrating this three dimensional approach with recent factor analysis, we describe in addition to the DSM IV mixed state (type I) two new subtypes of mixed states (type IIM and IID). This new typology can give the clinician a more accurate understanding of the complex and polymorphous reality of mixed states and help him make more specific therapeutic interventions. These subtypes of mixed states will need validation through prospective clinical studies. Biological differences, differential outcome over time, and differential response to treatment will be important validation criteria.

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The "Switch Process" in Manic-Depressive Illness

Cited by 152 publications

References 19 publications

Convergent functional genomic studies of omega-3 fatty acids in stress reactivity, bipolar disorder and alcoholism

Convergent functional genomic studies of omega-3 fatty acids in stress reactivity, bipolar disorder and alcoholism

Bipolar mood cycles and lunar tidal cycles

A theoretical reappraisal of mixed states: dysphoria as a third dimension

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