The SWIFT periphyton test for high-capacity assessments of toxicant effects on microalgal community development

Porsbring, Tobias; Arrhenius, Åsa; Backhaus, Thomas; Kuylenstierna, Mats; Scholze, Martin; Blanck, Hans

doi:10.1016/j.jembe.2007.05.020

Cited by 42 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Similar biodiversity changes have been described previously even for mechanically undisturbed intact biofilms, when they were grown under controlled laboratory conditions (Mitbavkar & Anil 2008;Porsbring et al 2007). The reasons for such alterations might be changes in grazing pressure, slightly elevated nutrient levels, light, temperature, water movements and the fact that no new taxa is introduced during the incubation phase in the lab.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 84%

“…The absolute minimum was 0.3 µg chlorophyll a/plate, absolute maximum was 1.2 µg chlorophyll a/plate, with a mean coefficient of variance (CV) of 11%, as shown for all the 30 controls presented in Figure 2. This is comparable to what is usually observed in the 96 hours multispecies SWIFT assay that analyses the toxicant-induced succession in pre-settled biofilms (Porsbring et al 2007). The CV of the settling assay is slightly lower than the CV of 30% that was observed previously in short-term periphyton tests that recorded the inhibition of photosynthesis (Arrhenius et al 2004).…”

Section: Inoculum Variability and Reproducibilitysupporting

confidence: 84%

“…This was done by means of a frequency analysis. In natural habitats the frequency with which a particular species is found typically correlates with its abundance, which was also demonstrated for periphyton communities (Porsbring et al 2007). Two sets of samples were prepared to compare the communities that established themselves on PETG pieces after three weeks in the environment with the communities that had re-established themselves after the 72 hour test period.…”

Section: Taxonomic Analysis Of Settled Algal Speciesmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The test medium was prepared from filtered (GF/F, Whatman) natural seawater (sampled from 30 metres depth) with the addition of nutrients (0.7 µM PO 4 2-and 8 µM NO 3 -), so that the final composition reflects nutrient conditions during a spring bloom (Porsbring et al 2007). …”

Section: Test Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, other methods to analyze chlorophyll a on a surface could also be applied, such as e.g.PAM-fluorometry (Eggert et al 2006), although this requires more sophisticated instruments and handling. Analysis of the whole pigment composition using HPLC (Porsbring et al 2007) is more time-consuming and requires larger amounts of samples. Note that chlorophyll a only reflects the algal and cyanobacterial part of the micro fouling community and it should be pointed out that other endpoints could be applied to cover other organismal groups in the microfouling community, e.g.…”

Section: Chlorophyll a As Growth Indicatormentioning

confidence: 99%

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A novel bioassay for evaluating the efficacy of biocides to inhibit settling and early establishment of marinebiofilms

Arrhenius

Backhaus

Hilvarsson

et al. 2017

Preprint

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This paper presents a novel assay that allows a quick and robust assessment of the effects of biocides on the initial settling and establishment of marine photoautotrophic biofilms. The assay integrates the response of the multitude of indigenous fouling organisms, which overcomes a major limitation of existing assays which are largely limited to testing only lab-cultivatable species. The assay was evaluated using eight antifouling biocides, for which full concentration-response curves are presented. The efficacy ranking, based on EC 98 values from most to least efficacious compound is: copper pyrithione >TPBP >DCOIT >tolylfluanid >zinc pyrithione >medetomidine >copper (Cu 2+ ), while the ecotoxicological ranking (based on E C10 values) is irgarol, copper pyrithione >zinc pyrithione >TPBP >tolylfluanid >DCOIT >copper (Cu 2+ ) > medetomidine. The algaecide irgarol did not cause full inhibition. Instead the inhibition leveled out at 95% effect at 30 nmol l -1 , a concentration that was clearly lower than for any other of the tested biocides.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Inoculum Variability and Reproducibilitysupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Taxonomic Analysis Of Settled Algal Speciesmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Test Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Chlorophyll a As Growth Indicatormentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

A novel bioassay for evaluating the efficacy of biocides to inhibit settling and early establishment of marinebiofilms

Arrhenius

Backhaus

Hilvarsson

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Molecular and microscopic assessment of the effects of caffeine, acetaminophen, diclofenac, and their mixtures on river biofilm communities

Lawrence

Zhu

Swerhone

et al. 2012

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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The authors examined effects of three common contaminants, caffeine (CF), acetaminophen (AC), and diclofenac (DF), as well as their mixtures on the development, functioning, and biodiversity of river biofilm communities. Biofilms were cultivated in rotating annular reactors. Treatments included AC, CF, DF, AC + CF, AC + DF, CF + DF, AC + CF + DF at 5 µg/L, and their molar equivalent as carbon and nutrients. Incubations using ¹⁴C-labeled AC, DF, and CF indicated that 90% of the CF, 80% of the AC, and less than 2% of the DF were converted to CO₂. Digital imaging revealed a variety of effects on algal, cyanobacterial, and bacterial biomass. Algal biomass was unaffected by AC or CF in combination with DF but significantly reduced by all other treatments. Cyanobacterial biomass was influenced only by the AC + DF application. All treatments other than AC resulted in a significant decrease in bacterial biomass. Diclofenac or DF + CF and DF + AC resulted in increases in micrometazoan grazing. The denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of Eubacterial community DNA, evaluated by principal component analysis and analysis of similarity, indicated that relative to the control, all treatments had effects on microbial community structure (r = 0.47, p < 0.001). However, the AC + CF + DF treatment was not significantly different from its molar equivalent carbon and nutrient additions. The Archaeal community differed significantly in its response to these exposures based on community analyses, confirming a need to integrate these organisms into ecotoxicological studies.

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Long‐term effects of the antibacterial agent triclosan on marine periphyton communities

Eriksson

Johansson

Fihlman

et al. 2015

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Triclosan is a widely used antibacterial agent that has become a ubiquitous contaminant in freshwater, estuary, and marine environments. Concerns about potential adverse effects of triclosan have been described in several recent risk assessments. Its effects on freshwater microbial communities have been well studied, but studies addressing effects on marine microbial communities are scarce. In the present study, the authors describe short- and long-term effects of triclosan on marine periphyton (microbial biofilm) communities. Short-term effects on photosynthesis were estimated after 60 min to 210 min of exposure. Long-term effects on photosynthesis, chlorophyll a fluorescence, pigment content, community tolerance, and bacterial carbon utilization were studied after exposing periphyton for 17 d in flow-through microcosms to 0.316 nM to 10,000 nM triclosan. Results from the short-term studies show that triclosan is toxic to periphyton photosynthesis. Half maximal effective concentration (EC50) values of 1080 nM and 3000 nM were estimated using (14)CO2-incorporation and pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) fluorescence measurements, respectively. After long-term triclosan exposure in flow-through microcosms, photosynthesis estimated using PAM fluorometry was not inhibited by triclosan concentrations up to 1000 nM but instead increased with increasing triclosan concentration. Similarly, at exposure concentrations of 31.6 nM and higher, triclosan caused an increase in photosynthetic pigments. At 316 nM triclosan, the pigment amounts were increased by a factor of 1.4 to 1.9 compared with the control level. Pollution-induced community tolerance was observed for algae and cyanobacteria at 100 nM triclosan and higher. Despite the widespread use of triclosan as an antibacterial agent, the compound did not have any effects on bacterial carbon utilization after long-term exposure.

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The SWIFT periphyton test for high-capacity assessments of toxicant effects on microalgal community development

Cited by 42 publications

References 39 publications

A novel bioassay for evaluating the efficacy of biocides to inhibit settling and early establishment of marinebiofilms

A novel bioassay for evaluating the efficacy of biocides to inhibit settling and early establishment of marinebiofilms

Molecular and microscopic assessment of the effects of caffeine, acetaminophen, diclofenac, and their mixtures on river biofilm communities

Long‐term effects of the antibacterial agent triclosan on marine periphyton communities

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