The swelling of protein fibres. Part III, horsehair

Lloyd, Dorothy Jordan; Marriott, R. H.

doi:10.1039/tf9343000944

Cited by 7 publications

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“…They show, however, no definite decrease in swelling at high pH values corresponding to that occurring in acid solutions below pH 2-0. With keratin (Jordan Lloyd & Marriott, 1934) and silk Coleman & Howitt, 1947) there is also an increase rather than a decrease in swelling at high pH values. With silk this increased swelling is accompanied by splitting up of the fibres, and is attributed to a weakening of the cohesive forces of the fibre.…”

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The swelling of collagen in alkaline solutions. 1. Swelling in solutions of sodium hydroxide

Bowes

Kenten

1950

Biochemical Journal

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The swelling of collagen and other fibrous proteins in acid and alkaline solutions is governed by the osmotic pressure differences arising between the protein phase and the external solution as a result of the formation of protein salts-Donnan membrane effect- (Procter, 1914;Bolam, 1932;Donnan, 1933), and by the cohesion of the protein (Procter, 1914; Jordan Lloyd, 1920, 1938, i.e. the forces opposing swelling, such as interweaving ofthe fibres and intermolecular forces. In order to interpret the effect of pH changes on swelling it is, therefore, necessary to consider the influence ofthe acid or alkali both on the Donnan equilibria and on the cohesion ofthe protein.The swelling of collagen and gelatin in alkaline solutions has received much less attention than that in acid solutions. A number of swelling curves of gelatin in alkaline solutions have been reported (Jordan Lloyd, 1920, 1930Jordan Lloyd & Pleass, 1927, 1928 Loeb, 1921a, b, c, d; Kunitz, 1923-4;Pleass, 1930), but in general these do not extend above pH 12-0 and make no allowance for solution of the gelatin. A few aLkaline swelling curves of collagen have also been reported (Kaye & Jordan Lloyd, 1924a, b;Jordan Lloyd, Marriott & Pleass, 1933;Highberger, 1936), but in all these there are insufficient points to determine the exact shape of the curves above pH 11-0. They show, however, no definite decrease in swelling at high pH values corresponding to that occurring in acid solutions below pH 2-0. With keratin (Jordan Lloyd & Marriott, 1934) and silk Coleman & Howitt, 1947) there is also an increase rather than a decrease in swelling at high pH values. With silk this increased swelling is accompanied by splitting up of the fibres, and is attributed to a weakening of the cohesive forces of the fibre.The swelling of gelatin in alkaline solutions up to pH 10 is reduced by the addition of sodium chloride or other appropriate salts, in the same manner as swelling in acid solutions, but at higher pH values the curves have an upward trend, and the suppression of swelling is less marked (Jordan Lloyd & Pleass, 1927, 1928. There is also some evidence that the nature of the anion has some influence on swelling; e.g. sodium nitrate depresses swelling to a lesser extent than sodium chloride at the same molar concentration (Jordan Lloyd & Pleass, 1927, 1928

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The swelling of collagen in alkaline solutions. 1. Swelling in solutions of sodium hydroxide

Bowes

Kenten

1950

Biochemical Journal

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“…Experiments with horsehair have already shown that it supercontracts in hot dilute solutions of acids [20] or when treated with cold or hot solutions of alkalies [14]. However, similar experiments with fine wool fibers have not been recorded, possible because of the difficulty of making length measurements on these fibers, which become very fragik.…”

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A Kinetic Study of the Supercontraction of Wool Fibers in Solutions of Salts, Acids, and Alkalies

Crewther

Dowling

1959

Textile Research Journal

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Wool fibers contract in hot solutions of acids or alkalies, the initial rate of contraction increasing with increasing concentration of the acid or alkali. At the higher concentrations contraction is followed by elongation of the fibers to lengths which may exceed the original length. The maximum contraction obtained decreases with increasing concentration of acid or alkali used. Comparison of the rates of contraction of wool fibers in solutions of different salts in 1 or 4 N HCl shows that cations and anions fall in the following order of decreasing contraction rate: Li + > Na + > K + and I -> Br -> Cl -.Kinetic curves for the contraction of wool fibers in 1 N HCl containing salts show welldefined two-stage contraction. With 4 M LiBr or NaI this appears as a shelf in the curve at 25-30% contraction, and with many fibers the final level of contraction exceeds 70%. With 5 or 6 M LiI or 6 M NaI the fibers contract by about 25%, elongate to a length which may approach the original, and then again contract; in such solutions a considerable proportion of the wool protein is dissolved, leaving a sulfur-rich residue. Two-stage contraction kinetics have been observed only when using solutions with pH values in the lower range. As the pH is increased the rate of contraction also increases, particularly at pH values greater than about 8. The two-stage contraction kinetics have been interpreted in terms of the contraction at different rates of two structures in the wool fiber.

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Das kolloidchemische Verhalten der Textilfasern in Berührung mit wäßrigen Lösungen

Chwala

1939

Textilhilfsmittel

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The swelling of protein fibres. Part III, horsehair

Cited by 7 publications

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The swelling of collagen in alkaline solutions. 1. Swelling in solutions of sodium hydroxide

The swelling of collagen in alkaline solutions. 1. Swelling in solutions of sodium hydroxide

A Kinetic Study of the Supercontraction of Wool Fibers in Solutions of Salts, Acids, and Alkalies

Das kolloidchemische Verhalten der Textilfasern in Berührung mit wäßrigen Lösungen

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