The susceptibility of Asian, European and North American Fraxinus species to the ash dieback pathogen Hymenoscyphus fraxineus reflects their phylogenetic history

Nielsen, Lene Rostgaard; McKinney, Lea Vig; Hietala, Ari M.; Kjær, Erik Dahl

doi:10.1007/s10342-016-1009-0

Cited by 47 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 68 publications

(86 reference statements)

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“…fraxineus , local ash species are resistant to the fungus although it is a foliar pathogen (Cleary et al , ; Drenkhan et al , ). Nielsen et al () further showed that the pathogen could grow and reproduce on leaf rachises of different ash species that were not affected by ash dieback. Based on the accumulating knowledge on the ecology of the fungus, it is unlikely that the ability to cause severe necrotic damage on stems and branches is important for the fungus because the formation of its apothecia takes place on the decaying ash leaves on the ground.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The seedlings were grown in pots under disease‐free conditions in a greenhouse for 2 years and were free of visible infection at the time of inoculation. The seedlings were inoculated by inserting infected wood plugs of ash into a small incision in the bark of the seedlings, as described in Nielsen et al (). The wood plugs had been infected by placing on Petri dishes with the single‐spore H .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Variation in aggressiveness of Hymenoscyphus fraxineus genotypes amid the ash dieback epidemic

et al. 2020

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The ascomycete Hymenoscyphus fraxineus causes devastating damage to the European common ash (Fraxinus excelsior). The fungus originates from Asia, where it coexists with native ash species and completes its life cycle by sporulating on degrading ash leaf litter on the forest floor. Given this life cycle of the fungus, genotypes of H. fraxineus with varying degrees of aggressiveness may coexist in infected European ash forests. To test this hypothesis, we cultured 19 single‐spore isolates from apothecia collected in a trial of heavily infected ash in Denmark and carried out stem inoculations on young ash seedlings. Microsatellite markers revealed that the 19 isolates were all genetically unique and did not show any genetic structure. High variation was observed among the 19 isolates in pathogenicity on young seedlings. The variation (assessed as necrosis development) was highly significant, but not correlated with the vigour of the fungal isolates when grown on culture media. The results support the hypothesis that aggressiveness of H. fraxineus may not be crucial for its fitness. In this sense, ash dieback disease may differ from other recent emerging infectious diseases on trees. We discuss the variation in aggressiveness of H. fraxineus in relation to durability of resistance and future management of the ash dieback epidemic. The findings of this study call for more research into natural variation in endophytic versus pathogenic behaviour of H. fraxineus on European ash.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in aggressiveness of Hymenoscyphus fraxineus genotypes amid the ash dieback epidemic

et al. 2020

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“…Although most plant species are susceptible to infection and damage by one or more pathogens, some species or individuals may exhibit different degrees of susceptibility [50]. For example, within the genus Fraxinus, there is large variation between species in susceptibility to the ash dieback pathogen Hymenoscyphus fraxineus [51,52] (see Section 3.1 Case studies), and large genotypic effects in susceptibility among individuals of European ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) [53]. Similarly, R. lauricola affects several members of the laurel family (Lauraceae) in the USA though lethal damage is most prominent on only a few native hosts including red bay (Persea borbonia (L.) Spreng.…”

Section: Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Host Variability on the Spread of Invasive Forest Diseases

Prospero

Cleary

2017

Forests

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Biological invasions, resulting from deliberate and unintentional species transfers of insects, fungal and oomycete organisms, are a major consequence of globalization and pose a significant threat to biodiversity. Limiting damage by non-indigenous forest pathogens requires an understanding of their current and potential distributions, factors affecting disease spread, and development of appropriate management measures. In this review, we synthesize innate characteristics of invading organisms (notably mating system, reproduction type, and dispersal mechanisms) and key factors of the host population (namely host diversity, host connectivity, and host susceptibility) that govern spread and impact of invasive forest pathogens at various scales post-introduction and establishment. We examine spread dynamics for well-known invasive forest pathogens, Hymenoscyphus fraxineus (T. Kowalski) Baral, Queloz, Hosoya, comb. nov., causing ash dieback in Europe, and Cryphonectria parasitica, (Murr.) Barr, causing chestnut blight in both North America and Europe, illustrating the importance of host variability (diversity, connectivity, susceptibility) in their invasion success. While alien pathogen entry has proven difficult to control, and new biological introductions are indeed inevitable, elucidating the key processes underlying host variability is crucial for scientists and managers aimed at developing effective strategies to prevent future movement of organisms and preserve intact ecosystems.

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“…pennsylvanica are susceptible to ADF 14 and observations from Russia show that F. excelsior are infested by EAB 22 , there seem to be variation among species. Establishing experimental plots is a necessary action step.…”

Section: Rapid Resistance Breeding Coupled With Phenotype-based Methodsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Saving the world’s ash forests calls for international cooperation now

et al. 2018

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The susceptibility of Asian, European and North American Fraxinus species to the ash dieback pathogen Hymenoscyphus fraxineus reflects their phylogenetic history

Abstract: In Europe, common ash (Fraxinus excelsior) is being decimated because of the invasive fungus Hymenoscyphus fraxineus.

Cited by 47 publications

References 68 publications

Variation in aggressiveness of Hymenoscyphus fraxineus genotypes amid the ash dieback epidemic

Variation in aggressiveness of Hymenoscyphus fraxineus genotypes amid the ash dieback epidemic

Effects of Host Variability on the Spread of Invasive Forest Diseases

Saving the world’s ash forests calls for international cooperation now

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