The survival of bacteria exposed to desiccation on surfaces associated with farm buildings

Bale, M. J.; Bennett, Peter M.; Beringer, J. E.; Hinton, M.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2672.1993.tb01589.x

Cited by 73 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Mary et al (75,78) observed better survival of Sinorhizobium during storage under desiccation conditions from 22% to 67% relative humidity (RH) than at 3% and 83.5% RH. The same patterns have been observed, but to a lesser extent, in Bradyrhizobium (14,75) and also in Escherichia coli (4) and Azospirillum (89). The mechanisms causing these results remain unexplained.…”

supporting

confidence: 63%

Responses of Rhizobia to Desiccation in Relation to Osmotic Stress, Oxygen, and Temperature

Vriezen

Bruijn

Nüsslein

2007

Appl Environ Microbiol

168

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3One of the most severe and widespread problems facing the agricultural industry is the degradation of soil quality due to desiccation and salinity. In fact, almost 40% of the world's land surface is affected by salinity-related problems (131). These two harsh environmental conditions can have a dramatic impact on the endogenous soil bacteria (38, 48). Of particular importance to the agricultural industry is the impact of these harsh environmental conditions on the endogenous group of proteobacteria, the rhizobia. These bacteria induce formation of nodules on legumes, in which atmospheric nitrogen is fixed and supplied to the plant, enhancing growth under nitrogenlimiting conditions. Desiccation and salinity negatively affect such interactions by limiting nitrogen fixation (131).The importance of nitrogen fixation for agriculture cannot be understated and is illustrated by the numerous studies of the impact of soil management on rhizobial populations in arid regions (52), as well as the isolation and characterization of desiccation-and salt-resistant strains (28, 56,128). Furthermore, to enhance nodulation and nitrogen fixation efficiency, techniques that allow close contact between the bacteria and the host seed have been developed. Despite such methods, there has been a decline in the number of viable bacteria on plant seeds, soil, and carrier material, in part because of the stresses caused by fertilizer and chemical applications (110), desiccation (100, 101), temperature changes (63, 74, 116), salinity changes (63), light (68), and growth media employed (23,35,63). These factors are encountered during the manufacture, storage, and use of the coated seeds, with desiccation as the principal cause of reduced bacterial survival on the seed (33, 119).Although improvement of long-term survival and seed inoculum storage time has been the focus of desiccation research (25, 33), relatively little work has focused primarily on the bacterial cell. Many questions remain regarding the physiological response of rhizobia to desiccation. In this review, we evaluate studies of the physiological responses of rhizobia to environmental stresses (osmotic, salt, temperature, and oxygen) that affect desiccation survival. Our discussion will focus on one species of rhizobia in particular, Sinorhizobium meliloti. DESICCATION RESPONSES OF RHIZOBIAEarly rhizobial desiccation research. Desiccation produces many stress responses in the bacterial cell. In 1932, Fred and coworkers reported loss of viability in rhizobia used as seed inocula (41) and suggested that the nature of the suspending medium, pH, and temperature are important factors in the survival of the inoculum in the dry state. This led to the recommendation for farmers to refrain from using rhizobia in dry form. Vincent et al. (119) showed that the decline in abundance of Rhizobium trifolii during drying on glass beads correlates with the extraction of water, which suggests that part of the decline in viable counts is caused by both "seed factors" and the drying itself. The ...

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supporting

confidence: 63%

Responses of Rhizobia to Desiccation in Relation to Osmotic Stress, Oxygen, and Temperature

Vriezen

Bruijn

Nüsslein

2007

Appl Environ Microbiol

168

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“…Most E. coli are harmless and commensals of the intestinal tract, but some strains are pathogenic and causative agents of foodborne diseases. Washing hands, rinsing vegetables and fruits, and the fact that E. coli can survive desiccation for more than 24 h (Bale et al, 1993;Mattick et al, 2003) can explain its frequent occurrence in kitchen environments and more specific in used dishcloths. Lee (2010) and Bae et al (2012) showed that after inoculation of cultured cells on commercial available dishcloths E. coli grew very well at room temperature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-occurrence of free-living protozoa and foodborne pathogens on dishcloths: Implications for food safety

Chavatte

Baré

Lambrecht

et al. 2014

International Journal of Food Microbiology

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In the present study, the occurrence of free-living protozoa (FLP) and foodborne bacterial pathogens on dishcloths was investigated. Dishcloths form a potentially important source of cross-contamination with FLP and foodborne pathogens in food-related environments. First various protocols for recovering and quantifying FLP from dishcloths were assessed. The stomacher technique is recommended to recover flagellates and amoebae from dishcloths. Ciliates, however, were more efficiently recovered using centrifugation. For enumeration of freeliving protozoa on dishcloths, the Most Probable Number method is a convenient method. Enrichment was used to assess FLP diversity on dishcloths (n = 38). FLP were found on 89% of the examined dishcloths; 100% of these tested positive for amoebae, 71% for flagellates and 47% for ciliates. Diversity was dominated by amoebae: vahlkampfiids, vannellids, Acanthamoeba spp., Hyperamoeba sp. and Vermamoeba vermiformis were most common. The ciliate genus Colpoda was especially abundant on dishcloths while heterotrophic nanoflagellates mainly belonged to the genus Bodo, the glissomonads and cercomonads. The total number of FLP in used dishcloths ranged from 10 to 10 4 MPN/cm 2 . Flagellates were the most abundant group, and ciliates the least abundant. Detergent use was identified as a prime determinant of FLP concentrations on used dishcloths. Bacterial load on dishcloths was high, with a mean total of aerobic bacteria of 7.47 log 10 cfu/cm 2 . Escherichia coli was detected in 68% (26/38) of the used dishcloths, with concentrations up to 4 log 10 cfu/cm 2 . Foodborne pathogens including Staphylococcus aureus (19/38), Arcobacter butzleri (5/38) and Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica ser. Halle (1/38) were also present. This study showed for the first time that FLP, including some opportunistic pathogens, are a common and diverse group on dishcloths. Moreover, important foodborne pathogens are also regularly recovered. This simultaneous occurrence makes dishcloths a potential risk factor for cross-contamination and a microbial niche for bacteria-FLP interactions.

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“…in the face of environmental stresses, particularly cellular injury and desiccation (17,245). In one mesocosm study, densities of seeded E. faecalis remained nearly constant (ϳ6.0 log CFU/g dry soil) for 8 days when the moist soil (35% moisture, corresponding to a 60% water-holding capacity) was allowed to desiccate (12% moisture) under laboratory conditions (25°C).…”

Section: Environmental Reservoirs and Extraenteric Habitatsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enterococci in the Environment

Byappanahalli

Nevers

Korajkic

et al. 2012

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

559

383

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SUMMARYEnterococci are common, commensal members of gut communities in mammals and birds, yet they are also opportunistic pathogens that cause millions of human and animal infections annually. Because they are shed in human and animal feces, are readily culturable, and predict human health risks from exposure to polluted recreational waters, they are used as surrogates for waterborne pathogens and as fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) in research and in water quality testing throughout the world. Evidence from several decades of research demonstrates, however, that enterococci may be present in high densities in the absence of obvious fecal sources and that environmental reservoirs of these FIB are important sources and sinks, with the potential to impact water quality. This review focuses on the distribution and microbial ecology of enterococci in environmental (secondary) habitats, including the effect of environmental stressors; an outline of their known and apparent sources, sinks, and fluxes; and an overview of the use of enterococci as FIB. Finally, the significance of emerging methodologies, such as microbial source tracking (MST) and empirical predictive models, as tools in water quality monitoring is addressed. The mounting evidence for widespread extraenteric sources and reservoirs of enterococci demonstrates the versatility of the genusEnterococcusand argues for the necessity of a better understanding of their ecology in natural environments, as well as their roles as opportunistic pathogens and indicators of human pathogens.

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The survival of bacteria exposed to desiccation on surfaces associated with farm buildings

Cited by 73 publications

References 32 publications

Responses of Rhizobia to Desiccation in Relation to Osmotic Stress, Oxygen, and Temperature

Responses of Rhizobia to Desiccation in Relation to Osmotic Stress, Oxygen, and Temperature

Co-occurrence of free-living protozoa and foodborne pathogens on dishcloths: Implications for food safety

Enterococci in the Environment

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