The Survival Capabilities and the Performance of Earth Organisms in Simulated Extraterrestrial Environments

Siegel, S. M.; Renwick, G.; Daly, Olive; Giumarro, C.; Davis, G. R.; Halpern, L. A.

doi:10.1016/b978-1-4832-0047-7.50010-1

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…This effect is most striking in CH4, CO, and N20. As a result of finding free H2 among various metabolic products (8,9), the following investigations were carried out to determine both the source of Ho production and the effect of Ho on seed germination.…”

Section: Acknowledgmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen Metabolism in Higher Plants

Renwick¹,

Giumarro²,

Siegel³

1964

Plant Physiol.

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Section: Acknowledgmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen Metabolism in Higher Plants

Renwick¹,

Giumarro²,

Siegel³

1964

Plant Physiol.

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“…the effect of gravitational force of 100 g (Gravitational acceleration units, not to be confused with grams.) for three days at 30°C on the germination of seeds of different species (36). Germination was inhibited compared to the control.…”

Section: Duration Durationmentioning

confidence: 93%

Influence of scarification method on seed germination of the terrestrial orchid Anacamptis laxiflora (Lam.)

Deconninck

Gerakis

2021

The EuroBiotech Journal

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A critical step during in vitro sexual propagation of terrestrial orchids is the treatment of the microscopic seeds with a disinfecting solution that kills bacteria and fungi attached to the seeds. This treatment is necessary to prevent infection of the culture vessels. At the same time, the treatment serves to scarify the seeds, a process that disrupts seed dormancy and initiates germination. The literature is inconclusive with respect to the proper combination of disinfecting solution strength and treatment duration. Both factors should be adapted to each species to guarantee minimal infection rate without damaging the embryo. This research aims to compare three disinfection/scarification methods for seeds of Anacamptis laxiflora (Lam.): (i) soaking in 0.5% NaClO, (ii) soaking in 0.5% NaClO, then centrifugation, and (iii) presoaking the seeds in sucrose solution, then soaking in 0.5% NaClO. The seeds were soaked in the disinfecting solution for 5 to 85 min. Following scarification, the seeds were sown in modified Malmgren nutrient medium. Infected and germinated vessels were counted at 41 and 189 d after sowing. We found that the longer the chemical treatment, the lower the infection rate, and the higher the germination rate. There was no significant difference in germination rate between the NaClO and the NaClO-plus-centrifugation method; in fact, the slight savings in disinfection time effected by centrifugation were more than offset by the added complexity of the method. Moreover, we found that centrifugation significantly delays germination. The sucrose presoak-plus-NaClO method was superior to plain NaClO, as the sucrose stimulates the germination of microbial spores on the surface of the seeds, making them easier to kill. Perhaps seeds with thicker testa as well as whole immature capsules could benefit even more from the pretreatment in sucrose solution.

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“…Many of these studies have also been aimed at establishing the effects of environmental factors acting in a cyclical manner. Such changing factors have been little investigated: the usual concern of the microbiologist is to keep experimental conditions as constant as possible (see Siegel et al 1965)-Much recent information derives from numerous studies on the simulated 'Martian' environment. Experimental details vary considerably but the following conditions are typical: soil samples inoculated with the organisms under test are subjected to low-pressure atmospheres and a daily freeze-thaw cycle with about 4 h spent above 0 °C.…”

Section: Anaerobiosismentioning

confidence: 99%

The limits of microbial existence

Skinner

1968

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B.

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Many parts of the world, such as the ocean depths, polar and geothermal regions, where the environment severely restricts most forms of life, are nevertheless colonized to some extent by specially adapted micro-organisms. There are also man-made environments, some especially designed to inhibit microbial growth, such as the strong brines used to pickle fish and meat, and cold stores, in which some micro-organisms can survive and grow. Although such organisms have been known since the early days of microbiology only recently have they been systematically studied. Modern interest in the ability of micro-organisms to tolerate such unfavourable conditions stems largely from the need of the food industries to prevent microbial growth in their products. A further stimulus to understand the limiting conditions for microbial life, and to collect and systematize the available information has been provided by the requirements of space research (see Vallentyne 1963, 1965).

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The Survival Capabilities and the Performance of Earth Organisms in Simulated Extraterrestrial Environments

Cited by 5 publications

References 25 publications

Hydrogen Metabolism in Higher Plants

Hydrogen Metabolism in Higher Plants

Influence of scarification method on seed germination of the terrestrial orchid Anacamptis laxiflora (Lam.)

The limits of microbial existence

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