The Surgeon’s Role in Gastric Electrical Stimulation Therapy for Gastroparesis

Gastric electrical stimulation: Overview and summary

“…The current approved system for GES uses leads implanted in the gastric muscle layers from a serosal approach, either by open or laparoscopic procedure as well as a battery and pulse generator unit placed subcutaneously. [ 6 ] The techniques are well described and will not be repeated here. [ 6 ] The main complications of permanent GES devices are either infection, usually of the device pocket, but sometimes at the incision sites, or lead dislodgement.…”

“…[ 6 ] The techniques are well described and will not be repeated here. [ 6 ] The main complications of permanent GES devices are either infection, usually of the device pocket, but sometimes at the incision sites, or lead dislodgement. As permanent GES has been performed longer, these complications are not common and occur in less than 5% of patients.…”

Electrical neuromodulation therapy for inflammatory bowel disease

“…Electrical neuromodulation (ENM) has been used effectively to treat variety of gastrointestinal disorders including GERD, dyspepsia, gastroparesis, fecal incontinence and constipation as shown in Figure 1 . Neuromodulation may be central, as in thalamic stimulation or trans-magnetic stimulation; spinally, as in spinal cord stimulation for ache and movement in spinal cord damage; vagal as regional, as in auricular stimulation for seizures; sacral, as in stimulation for genitourinary (GU)/GI dysfunction; and peripherally, as in electrified stimulation for GU/GI dysfunction peripherally, as in electroacupuncture; and enteric, as in gastric/GI electrical stimulation (GES)[ 6 ]. Sacral nerve stimulation (SNS) is the most effective neuromodulation protocol for GI disease that is currently in use[ 7 ].…”

Effects of Simo decoction on gastric motility of diabetic rats

“…The common treatment options for gastroparesis include hypoglycemic agents, prokinetic drugs, gastric electrical stimulation, endoscopic treatment, and surgical operation 11–19 . Medications remain the preferred option for diabetic gastroparesis.…”

“…9,10 The common treatment options for gastroparesis include hypoglycemic agents, prokinetic drugs, gastric electrical stimulation, endoscopic treatment, and surgical operation. [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] Medications remain the preferred option for diabetic gastroparesis. However, the use of hypoglycemic agents with glycemic control cannot fully restore gastrointestinal motility in patients with diabetic gastroparesis.…”