The Surface Wave in Radio Propagation over Plane Earth

Burrows, Charles R.

doi:10.1109/jrproc.1937.228927

Cited by 42 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Experimental verification of the Sommerfeld theory is not extensive, probably because it is so well established theoretically for the FR, in which it has been verified only with continuous waves and vertical polarization. Burrows (1937) confirmed the finite conductive earth theory at 150 MHz over a low conductivity, σ, lake (ε′ = 81) with vertical polarization; 1/R 2 behavior began at approximately the 100-m range. The scale model experiments reported in King and Wait (1976) also found 1/R 2 dependence for vertical polarization and conductive surfaces from the NR to the FR near 5 GHz.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Spatial attenuation rates of interfacial waves: Field and numerical tests of Sommerfeld theory using ground-penetrating radar pulses

Arcone

Liu

2012

Journal of Applied Geophysics

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Spatial attenuation rates of interfacial waves: Field and numerical tests of Sommerfeld theory using ground-penetrating radar pulses

Arcone

Liu

2012

Journal of Applied Geophysics

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“…The field expressed by these equations, widely confirmed by measurements [11] is commonly called a Norton Surface Wave. Its attenuation with the distance is plotted in Fig.…”

Section: Norton Surface Wavementioning

confidence: 86%

Towards a Better Excitation of the Surface Wave

Petrillo¹,

Jangal²,

Darces³

et al. 2010

PIER M

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Abstract-In the field of maritime surveillance, HF surface wave radars seem to be considered as an optimum and low cost solution. Nevertheless, the commonly used radiating elements of those radars are not yet able to only launch surface waves. We aim to design a specific radiating element optimized for exciting such waves. The first step of such an issue is to set thoroughly the problem. In this paper, surface waves on the boundary between two dielectric media are considered. Kistovich decomposition is applied in order to discuss the influence of the Zenneck wave on the field excited at the sea surface. It is shown that Zenneck approach and Norton's one are not contradictory. Above all, we point out that, using Kistovich decomposition to design radiating elements, we can expect a significant improvement of the surface wave intensity.

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“…The existence of a pole contribution in the final solution of Sommerfeld integrals in (1) is a very controversial issue which was experimentally proven wrong in [12]. The association of this pole to SP adds unnecessary confusion to the subject.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…He directed his reader to the book by Stratton on electromagnetics [6], which is a very classical book on electromagnetic theory. Ritchie Sommerfeld was proven wrong in this point by experiment [12] and extensive theoretical analysis [13]. It is important to stress here that the error is much more serious than the famous sign error which is actually a myth [13].…”

Section: History Of Sp and Its Relation To Surface Wavesmentioning

confidence: 92%

Examining the theoretical basis for the analysis of surface plasmons in the microwave and terahertz regimes

Dyab

Sarkar

Salazar-Palma

2014

2014 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium (IMS2014)

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Surface electromagnetic modes guided by thin metal layers are usually called surface plasmons SP. SP were originally discovered by Ritchie in the fifties of the twentieth century in the optical regime. Then, surface plasmons found many applications in different areas of science including terahertz and microwave devices. Departing from optics to radio frequencies, an urgent need for a solid theoretical basis to analyze SP in those regimes has appeared. The only candidate was Sommerfeld's analysis for radiation of electromagnetic waves over imperfect ground planes, published in 1909. This kind of analysis has been used recently by many researches working on SP applications at radio frequencies. The main goal of this paper is to give a theoretical analysis which proves the unsuitability of Sommerfeld's analysis to the problem of SP. Index Terms -Schelkunoff Integrals, Sommerfeld Integrals, Surface Plasmons, Surface Waves, Terahertz Surface Plasmons, Zenneck Surface Waves. I. HISTORY OF SP AND ITS RELATION TO SURFACE WAVES SP's are coherent electron oscillations that exist at the interface between two materials where the real part of the permittivity changes sign across the interface. When a SP couples with a photon, the resulting hybrid excitation is called a surface plasmon polariton (SPP). Under the right conditions the photon can excite a longitudinal wave of electrons in the metal. This interaction of a photon with an electron can be considered as an inelastic scattering. This type of interaction can be used to enhance weak optical processes, such as generation of higher order harmonics and surface-enhanced Raman scattering [I]. Note that this kind of interaction is in contrast to Rayleigh scattering, which is elastic scattering, encountered in classical electromagnetics. This resulting electron/molecule oscillation, SPP, produces its own electromagnetic wave which is confmed to a very small region near the interface. This SPP can propagate along the metal dielectric interface at a wavelength which is shorter than that of incident light until its energy is lost either via absorption in the conductivity of the metal or through radiation in free space. One of the earliest papers in the history of SP is Ritchie's paper published in 1957 [2]. Ritchie presented SP as the response of electrons in thin metal layers to fast electron bombardment. Then in 1968, Otto showed the optical excitation of SP using the method ofJrustrated total reflection [7]. SP were never studied at radio frequencies and terahertz until the fIrst decade of the twenty fIrst century. The interest was due to the ability of SP to enable near fIeld imaging and bio-sensing with unprecedented sensitivity [8]. Departing from the optical regime to the microwave and terahertz regimes, SP started to be defIned as the same physical entity as SommerJeld-Zenneck waves, studied in the beginning of the twentieth century. Accordingly, Sommerfeld's analysis [9] gained a new interest and has been used extensively for the study of SP at radio frequencies [10-11]. ...

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The Surface Wave in Radio Propagation over Plane Earth

Cited by 42 publications

References 7 publications

Spatial attenuation rates of interfacial waves: Field and numerical tests of Sommerfeld theory using ground-penetrating radar pulses

Spatial attenuation rates of interfacial waves: Field and numerical tests of Sommerfeld theory using ground-penetrating radar pulses

Towards a Better Excitation of the Surface Wave

Examining the theoretical basis for the analysis of surface plasmons in the microwave and terahertz regimes

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