The surface temperature of sliding solids

doi:10.1098/rspa.1954.0098

Cited by 96 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Flash heating, weakening process (1), is a mechanism that has been advanced to explain high speed frictional weakening in metals (Bowden and Thomas, 1954;Archard, 1958/59;Ettles, 1986;Lim and Ashby, 1987;Lim et al, 1989;Molinari et al, 1999). It is only relatively recently that it has been considered as a process active during earthquake slip (Rice, 1999(Rice, , 2006Beeler and Tullis, 2003;Beeler et al, 2008;Tullis and Goldsby, 2003a,b;Hirose and Shimamoto, 2005;Noda et al, 2006;Noda, 2008).…”

Section: Fault Zone Structure Friction and A Quandary In Seismologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermo- and hydro-mechanical processes along faults during rapid slip

Rice¹,

Dunham²,

Noda³

2009

Meso-Scale Shear Physics in Earthquake and Landslide Mechanics

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Field observations of maturely slipped faults show a generally broad zone of damage by cracking and granulation. Nevertheless, large shear deformation, and therefore heat generation, in individual earthquakes takes place with extreme localization to a zone <1-5 mm wide within a finely granulated fault core. Relevant fault weakening processes during large crustal events are therefore likely to be thermal. Further, given the porosity of the damage zones, it seems reasonable to assume groundwater presence. It is suggested that the two primary dynamic weakening mechanisms during seismic slip, both of which are expected to be active in at least the early phases of nearly all crustal events, are then as follows: (1) Flash heating at highly stressed frictional micro-contacts, and (2) Thermal pressurization of fault-zone pore fluid. Both have characteristics which promote extreme localization of shear. Macroscopic fault melting will occur only in cases for which those processes, or others which may sometimes become active at large enough slip (e.g., thermal decomposition, silica gelation), have not sufficiently reduced heat generation and thus limited temperature rise. Spontaneous dynamic rupture modeling, using procedures that embody mechanisms (1) and (2), shows how faults can be statically strong yet dynamically weak, and operate under low overall driving stress, in a manner that generates negligible heat and meets major seismic constraints on slip, stress drop, and self-healing rupture mode.

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Section: Fault Zone Structure Friction and A Quandary In Seismologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermo- and hydro-mechanical processes along faults during rapid slip

Rice¹,

Dunham²,

Noda³

2009

Meso-Scale Shear Physics in Earthquake and Landslide Mechanics

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“…In 1950s, Bowden and Thomas [15] used a lead sulphide cell sensitive to transient infrared radiations to monitor the temperature of rubber surfaces; this is the first time an infrared technique was used in the field of tribology. After Bowden and Thomas, infrared techniques have been used as a thermal measurement in the field of tribology in a number of ways; for instance, in the 1970s, Winer and co-workers [16,17] used it to measure temperatures in EHD contacts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Measurements of Lubricant and Surface Temperatures Within an Elastohydrodynamic Contact

Reddyhoff

Dini

2017

Tribol Lett

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We present an infrared microscopy technique, capable of measuring the temperature of both the bounding surfaces and the oil film in an elastohydrodynamic contact. This technique can, for the first time, spatially resolve the oil film temperature in three dimensions. The contact is produced by loading a steel ball against a sapphire disc, and the film is viewed using an infrared microscope focussing through the disc. Two band pass filters are used to isolate the radiation from the oil film, and Planck's law is applied to data obtained at a known temperature as part of the calibration procedure. The proposed technique requires the emissivity of the oil film to be measured, which is acquired in situ and is shown to vary strongly as a function of thickness and temperature. The technique is validated under pure rolling conditions, when the temperature of the oil film is equal to the controlled lubricant reservoir temperature, and also compared to an equation commonly used to predict average film temperatures, confirming the value of the unknown constant. The technique is then used to gain insights into the thermal/rheological behaviour within a contact. This is important since the temperature of elastohydrodynamic contacts is critical in determining friction and hence the efficiency of machine components and this technique enables much needed validation and provides input data for CFD and numerical simulations.

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“…28 Of most relevance, Bowden and co-workers described intense local heating at surface irregularities in glass, and claimed that in many cases surface melting limits the maximum temperature. [29][30][31] Sutter and Ranc 32 measured flash temperatures and concluded that, "frictional heating is made up of small hot spots that correspond to the friction of asperities located on the sliding surface." Vick predicted a) Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: john.angus@case.edu 0021-8979/2018/123(17)/174102/7 V C Author(s) 2018.…”

Section: Flash Temperaturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tribo-electric charging of dielectric solids of identical composition

Angus

Greber

2018

Journal of Applied Physics

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Despite its long history and importance in many areas of science and technology, there is no agreement on the mechanisms responsible for tribo-electric charging, including especially the tribo-charging of chemically identical dielectric solids. Modeling of the excitation, diffusional transport, and de-excitation of electrons from hot spots shows that a difference in local surface roughness of otherwise identical solid dielectric objects leads to different transient excited electron concentrations during tribo-processes. The model predicts that excited electron concentrations are lower and concentration gradients higher in solids with rougher rather than smoother surfaces. Consequently, during contact, the flux of charge carriers (electrons or holes) from hot spots will be greater into the rougher solid than into the smoother solid. These predictions are in agreement with current and historical observations of tribo-electric charge transfer between solids of the same composition. This effect can take place in parallel with other processes and may also play a role in the charging of solids of different composition.

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The surface temperature of sliding solids

Cited by 96 publications

References 3 publications

Thermo- and hydro-mechanical processes along faults during rapid slip

Thermo- and hydro-mechanical processes along faults during rapid slip

3D Measurements of Lubricant and Surface Temperatures Within an Elastohydrodynamic Contact

Tribo-electric charging of dielectric solids of identical composition

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