The surface science of xerography

Duke, C. B.; Noolandi, Jaan; Thieret, T.

doi:10.1016/s0039-6028(01)01527-8

Cited by 52 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…1 Adhesion between toner and paper surface in electrostatic printing (laser and photocopy) and mottle in ink-jet printing can also be evaluated in terms of surface energy and work of adhesion. 2,3 However, it should be mentioned that the determination of interfacial properties in heterogeneous systems such as pulp fibres requires a critical approach. 4 Surface energy and work of adhesion with water are thermodynamic properties usually estimated by measuring contact angle between the fibre surface and certain solvents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of kraft pulping on the interfacial properties of Eucalyptus pulp fibres

Fardim¹,

Durán²

2005

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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Os efeitos da polpação kraft nas propriedades interfaciais da polpa de eucalipto brasileiro foram investigados usando titulação com polieletrólito (PT) e medidas de ângulo de contato. Mudanças na composição química da superfície foram avaliadas por espectrometria de reflexão total atenuada no infravermelho (FTIR-ATR), combinada com análise de componentes principais (PCA). O aumento do álcali ativo na polpação provocou a remoção de lignina da superfície, de acordo com FTIR-ATR e PCA. A carga superficial diminuiu enquanto a energia superficial e trabalho de adesão com a água (W ap ) aumentaram. O componente ácido-base (W ap-AB ) foi indentificado como o causador do aumento em W ap . Nossos resultados sugeriram que a remoção de lignina superficial combinada com a exposição de carbohidratos e mobilidade superficial de extrativos são as principais causas das modificações nas propriedades interfaciais geradas pela polpação kraft. A contribuição das propriedades superficiais no desenvolvimento de seqüências de branqueamento e novos produtos de polpa também foram discutidos.The effects of kraft pulping on the interfacial properties of eucalypt pulp fibres were investigated using polyelectrolyte titration (PT) and contact angle measurements. Changes on surface composition were assessed by FTIR-ATR spectrometry combined with principal component analysis (PCA). Surface lignin was removed by increase in active alkali in pulping as indicated by FTIR-ATR and PCA. In parallel, the surface charge decreased while the surface energy and work of adhesion with water (W ap ) increased. The acid-base component (W ap-AB ) explained the increase of W ap . Our results suggested that the removal of surface lignin, exposure of carbohydrates and surface mobility of extractives are the main contributors to modifications of interfacial properties by kraft pulping. The role of interfacial properties on development of bleaching sequences and new pulp products was also briefly discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of kraft pulping on the interfacial properties of Eucalyptus pulp fibres

Fardim¹,

Durán²

2005

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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“…Moreover, surfaces, as entities unto themselves, are no longer interesting objects of study. What is of interest is what they reveal, e.g., about the nature of inhomogeneous multiphase nanostructures (67); what they do, e.g., catalyze highly complex biological reactions at room temperature (68); and what they can be used for, e.g., as templates for a new generation of computers (69) or the basis for a complex technologies like semiconductor microelectronics fabrication (70) or xerography (71). Unlike the first three generations, fourth-generation surface science is likely to become increasingly invisible, part of the substrate on which new generations of interdisciplinary research and manufacturing technology from the micro to the nano scale are built.…”

Section: Toward More Complex Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The birth and evolution of surface science: Child of the union of science and technology

Duke

2003

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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This article is an account of the birth and evolution of surface science as an interdisciplinary research area. Surface science emanated from the confluence of concepts and tools in physics and chemistry with technological innovations that made it possible to determine the structure and properties of surfaces and interfaces and the dynamics of chemical reactions at surfaces. The combination in the 1960s and 1970s of ultra-high-vacuum (i.e., P < 10 ؊7 Pascal or 10 ؊9 Torr) technology with the recognition that electrons in the energy range from 50 to 500 eV exhibited inelastic collision mean free paths of the order of a few angstroms fostered an explosion of activity. The results were a reformulation of the theory of electron solid scattering, the nearly universal use of electron spectroscopies for surface characterization, the rise of surface science as an independent interdisciplinary research area, and the emergence of the American Vacuum Society (AVS) as a major international scientific society. The rise of microelectronics in the 1970s and 1980s resulted in huge increases in computational power. These increases enabled more complex experiments and the utilization of density functional theory for the quantitative prediction of surface structure and dynamics. Development of scanning-probe microscopies in the 1990s led to atomic-resolution images of macroscopic surfaces and interfaces as well as videos of atoms moving about on surfaces during growth and diffusion. Scanning probes have since brought solid-liquid interfaces into the realm of atomic-level surface science, expanding its scope to more complex systems, including fragile biological materials and processes.

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“…In fact, the entire field started to develop in the second half of the sixties due to the introduction of ultrahigh vacuum technology, which in turn enabled the development of new experimental techniques. [1,2] Those allowed the scientific community to come to an atomistic understanding of solid surfaces. Typical examples of how much may be gained through method development are the various scanning probe techniques.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Surface science has greatly contributed to a number of fields of technological importance, such as semiconductor device physics, catalysis science, storage media, IT applications, and even certain areas of organic, inorganic, and biological chemistry. [2] One scheme that runs through many of those is the investigation of nanostructured materials. Our focus has been catalysis with the goal to understand disperse metal and oxide catalysts at the atomic scale.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Innovative Measurement Techniques in Surface Science

et al. 2010

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We describe four new experimental techniques advanced during the last decade in the authors' laboratory. The techniques include photon scanning tunneling microscopy; aberration-corrected low-energy electron microscopy in combination with photoelectron emission microscopy, microcalorimetry, and electron-spin resonance spectroscopy. It is demonstrated how those techniques may be applied to solve fundamental problems in surface science with growing demands to tackle complex nanoscopic systems, and, in particular in catalysis science, which, without the availability of those techniques, would be difficult if not impossible to address.

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The surface science of xerography

Cited by 52 publications

References 9 publications

Effects of kraft pulping on the interfacial properties of Eucalyptus pulp fibres

Effects of kraft pulping on the interfacial properties of Eucalyptus pulp fibres

The birth and evolution of surface science: Child of the union of science and technology

Innovative Measurement Techniques in Surface Science

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