The Surface Rupture of the 1957 Gobi-Altay, Mongolia, Earthquake

Kurushin, R. A.; Bayasgalan, A.; Ölziybat, M.; Enhtuvshin, B.; Molnár, Péter; Bayarsayhan, Ch.; Hudnut, K. W.; Lin, J.

doi:10.1130/0-8137-2320-5.1

Cited by 56 publications

(76 citation statements)

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“…However, only one other welldocumented large continental earthquake clearly involved approximately simultaneous substantial thrust and strike-slip rupture. The 1957 M w 8.3 Gobi-Altay, Mongolia, mainshock involved significant slip on both the Bogd strike-slip fault and the Gurvan Bulag thrust fault (Florensov and Solonenko, 1965;Bayarsayhan et al, 1996;Kurushin et al, 1997;Prentice et al, 2002). The sequence of rupture is not known, but either is consistent with static-stress-transfer modeling (Kurushin et al, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…In our models of the 2002 Denali fault earthquake and the possible triggering across the San Jacinto, San Andreas, and Sierra Madre fault systems, the three-dimensional triangular prismatic intersection between a thrust fault and strike-slip fault controls the interaction and rupture transition from the thrust fault to the strike-slip fault, and vice versa. On the other hand, both cases of rupture progression investigated by Kurushin et al (1997) involved considerably different geometries in which the thrust and strike-slip faults were subparallel. Some insights from our dynamic modeling may apply to the complex and somewhat similar fault junction of the primary Bogd rupture (analogous to the Denali fault) and the combined Toromhon overthrust and Tsagaan Ovoo-Tevsh uul rupture (analogous to the Susitna Glacier fault) in 1957.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dynamic Rupture Modeling of the Transition from Thrust to Strike-Slip Motion in the 2002 Denali Fault Earthquake, Alaska

Aagaard

Anderson

Hudnut

2004

Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America

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We use three-dimensional dynamic (spontaneous) rupture models to investigate the nearly simultaneous ruptures of the Susitna Glacier thrust fault and the Denali strike-slip fault. With the 1957 M w 8.3 Gobi-Altay, Mongolia, earthquake as the only other well-documented case of significant, nearly simultaneous rupture of both thrust and strike-slip faults, this feature of the 2002 Denali fault earthquake provides a unique opportunity to investigate the mechanisms responsible for development of these large, complex events. We find that the geometry of the faults and the orientation of the regional stress field caused slip on the Susitna Glacier fault to load the Denali fault. Several different stress orientations with oblique right-lateral motion on the Susitna Glacier fault replicate the triggering of rupture on the Denali fault about 10 sec after the rupture nucleates on the Susitna Glacier fault. However, generating slip directions compatible with measured surface offsets and kinematic source inversions requires perturbing the stress orientation from that determined with focal mechanisms of regional events. Adjusting the vertical component of the principal stress tensor for the regional stress field so that it is more consistent with a mixture of strike-slip and reverse faulting significantly improves the fit of the sliprake angles to the data. Rotating the maximum horizontal compressive stress direction westward appears to improve the fit even further.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Rupture Modeling of the Transition from Thrust to Strike-Slip Motion in the 2002 Denali Fault Earthquake, Alaska

Aagaard

Anderson

Hudnut

2004

Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America

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“…The deformation is a primary left-lateral strike-slip with north-south shortening along the east-trending Gobi-Altai mountain range. East-west shortening and reverse faulting also occurs in this area and was associated with the simultaneous rupture of several faults, such as Dalan Turuu, Hetsuu forebergs, Gurvan Bulag thrust and Toromhon Overthrust (Kurushin et al, 1997). The Gobi-Altai region provides suitable conditions for remote sensing techniques such as Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) because of the arid climate, sparse vegetation and limited human modification of the surface (e.g., agriculture).…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the viscoelastic relaxation model, the chief Gobi-Altai fault includes 18 segments with various parameters based on Kurushin et al (1997) and his colleague's field work. Due to the complex structure of the whole fault, the detailed descriptions of the fault segments were incorporated in the viscoelastic relaxation model to simulate the surface displacement using VISCO1D.…”

Section: Visco1dmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigation of Lithospheric Structure in Mongolia: Insights From Insar Observations and Modelling

Zhang

Bihong

Pilong

et al. 2017

Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.

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ABSTRACT:The western Mongolia is a seismically active intracontinental region, with ongoing tectonic deformation and widespread seismicity related to the far-field effects of India-Eurasia collision. During the 20th century, four earthquakes with the magnitude larger than 8 occurred in the western Mongolia and its surrounding regions, providing a unique opportunity to study the geodynamics of intracontinental tectonic deformations. The 1957 magnitude 8.3 Gobi-Altai earthquake is one of the largest seismic events. The deformation pattern of rupture zone associated with this earthquake is complex, involving left-lateral strike-slip and reverse dip-slip faulting on several distinct geological structures in a 264 × 40 km wide zone. To understand the relationship between the observed postseismic surface deformation and the rheological structure of the upper lithosphere, Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) data are used to study the 1957 earthquake. Then we developed a postseismic model in a spherical, radially layered elasticviscoelastic Earth based on InSAR results, and further analysed the dominant contribution to the surface deformation. This work is important for understanding not only the regional tectonics, but also the structure and dynamics of the lithosphere. SAR data were acquired from the ERS1/2 and Envisat from 1996 to 2010. Using the Repeat Orbit Interferometry Package (ROI_PAC), 124 postseismic interferograms are produced on four adjacent tracks. By stacking these interferograms, the maximum InSAR line-of-sight deformation rate along the Gobi-Altai fault zone is obtained. The main results are as follows: (1) The maximum InSAR line-of-sight deformation velocity along this large fault zone is about 6 mm/yr; (2) The modelled surface deformation suggests that the viscoelastic relaxation is the most reasonable mechanism to explain the observed surface motion; (3) The optimal model cover the Gobi-Altai seismogenic thickness is 10 km; (4) The lower bound of Maxwell viscosity of lower crust and upper mantle is approximately 9 ×1019 Pa s, and the Maxwell relaxation time corresponding to this viscosity is 95.13 years.

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Geomorphological investigations and luminescence dating in the southern part of the Khangay and the Valley of the Gobi Lakes (Central Mongolia)

Lehmkuhl

Lang

2001

J. Quaternary Sci.

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The Surface Rupture of the 1957 Gobi-Altay, Mongolia, Earthquake

Cited by 56 publications

References 0 publications

Dynamic Rupture Modeling of the Transition from Thrust to Strike-Slip Motion in the 2002 Denali Fault Earthquake, Alaska

Dynamic Rupture Modeling of the Transition from Thrust to Strike-Slip Motion in the 2002 Denali Fault Earthquake, Alaska

Investigation of Lithospheric Structure in Mongolia: Insights From Insar Observations and Modelling

Geomorphological investigations and luminescence dating in the southern part of the Khangay and the Valley of the Gobi Lakes (Central Mongolia)

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