The surface heat fluxes along the eastern Pacific coast from 10°N to 40°S

Garces-Vargas, José; Río, R. Abarca del

doi:10.22499/2.6202.002

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…On a latitudinal gradient, the reproductive cycle of P. purpuratus did not follow the description found in the literature, with only annual cycles at high latitudes (Rand, 1973;Clarke, 1987), even if there is a latitudinal gradient in seawater temperature along the Chilean coast (Garcés-Vargas & Abarca-del-Río, 2012). Unfortunately, studies of the latitudinal variation on the reproduction of molluscs are scarce in the literature and inconclusive because the dominant factor regulating reproductive cycles (biotic or abiotic) is still unknown (Clarke, 1987;Hilbish & Zimmerman, 1988).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Reproductive patterns of musselPerumytilus purpuratus(Bivalvia: Mytilidae), along the Chilean coast: effects caused by climate change?

Oyarzún¹,

Toro

Garces-Vargas

et al. 2016

J. Mar. Biol. Ass.

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Reproductive cycles were studied in seven natural populations of the intertidal bivalve Perumytilus purpuratus, distributed in a latitudinal gradient of ~2400 km along the Chilean Pacific coast (20–40°S). The results, both qualitative (gametogenic stages) and quantitative (GSI and GVF), over a period of 24 months, showed that these populations presented asynchrony in the reproductive cycle. Semi-annual cycles in Iquique (20°S), Antofagasta (23°S) and Montemar (32°S), and annual cycles in Caleta Bolfin (23°S), Taltal (25°S), Tumbes (36°S) and Pucatrihue (40°S) (2010–2012) were found. The results indicate that latitude does not have an effect on the development stage, but it does on the spawning date. However, there is a relationship between the reproductive cycles and temperature fluctuations. In addition, there was a significant negative linear correlation between gonadosomatic index and sea surface temperature in the populations studied. The decrease in temperature reduces the rate of development stages and, therefore, increases the reproductive cycles from semi-annual to annual, as evidenced in bivalve samples from Taltal, along a semi-decadal period (2007–2012). From these results, we discuss the likely biological and ecosystem consequences in connection to the effects of climate change in the South Pacific.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Reproductive patterns of musselPerumytilus purpuratus(Bivalvia: Mytilidae), along the Chilean coast: effects caused by climate change?

Oyarzún¹,

Toro

Garces-Vargas

et al. 2016

J. Mar. Biol. Ass.

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“…The seasonality of the SST in Punta Galera is congruent with the annual variability of the net heat flux (Figure 2a,b). However, also there are advective processes (e.g., upwelling) that are less important than the sum of the terms that form the net heat flux as has been shown by Garcés-Vargas and Abarca-del-Río [27]. While interannual variability was not analyzed in this paper, the observed drop in SST during the second half of 2007 is associated with a strong La Niña (according to Oceanic Niño Index (https://origin.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/analysis_monitoring/ ensostuff/ONI_v5.php) similar decrease has also been observed in the temperature anomalies in the water column of a coastal station located further north (Concepción, 37 • S) [28] and SST between 35 • S and 38 • S [29].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, turbulent terms (latent and sensible heat flux, proportional to wind magnitude) should not change drastically between the coast and ocean because wind magnitude is similar ( Figure 5) [33]. With respect to radiative terms, shortwave and longwave radiation also should not vary much because the former depends on cloud coverage (at the same latitude), which is similar in the region, and the latter is relatively constant [27]. It is probable that there is a large advection of waters from the south on the continental shelf that could be related to the greater volume of subantarctic water present in the zone [34].…”

Section: Effects Of Sea Surface Wind Forcing On Sea Surface Temperatumentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal Variability of Upwelling off Central-Southern Chile

et al. 2019

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The central and northern Chilean coasts are part of the Humboldt Current System, which sustains one of the largest fisheries in the world due to upwelling. There are several upwelling focal points along the Chilean coast; however, from a physical standpoint, the region between 39 • and 41 • S has not been studied in detail despite being one of the most productive zones for pelagic extraction in Chile. Here, we evaluated the seasonal variability of coastal upwelling off central-southern Chile using principally daily sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface wind (SSW), and 8-day composite chlorophyll-a concentration between 2003 and 2017. Through the seasonal evaluation of the net surface heat flux and its relationship with the SST as well as daily SST variability, we determined the "maximum upwelling" on our area. The direction of surface winds is controlled throughout the year by the Southeast Pacific Subtropical Anticyclone, which produces a cold tongue and an upwelling shadow north of Punta Galera (40 • S) in austral spring and summer. A cross-correlation analysis showed a decrease of SST follow the alongshore SSW with a lag of 2 days in the months favorable to the upwelling. However, the correlations were not as high as what would be expected, indicating that there is a large advection of waters from the south that could be related to the greater volume of subantarctic water present in the zone.

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“…Este viento también permitió que aguas más cálidas ingresaran al estuario por debajo y no se mezclaran con las aguas superficiales más frías provenientes del río debido a la intensa estratificación producida por la salinidad. Hay que añadir que los días en que se realizaron las mediciones casi no hubo radiación solar y debió haber una gran pérdida de calor a través de evaporación y conducción (términos proporcionales a la intensidad del viento llamados también flujos turbulentos) y la re-irradiación de calor por medio de ondas largas que se mantuvieron relativamente constantes alrededor de todo del año (Garcés-Vargas & Abarca del Río, 2012). Esto habría causado que la capa superficial se redujera drásticamente, a diferencia de la capa inferior (la que no ha sido afectada por la interacción océano-atmósfera), que se mantiene aproximadamente con la misma temperatura ya que no se mezcla con la superior debido a la intensa estratificación señalada anteriormente.…”

Section: Figuraunclassified

Caracterizacion hidrografica del estuario del rio Valdivia, centro sur de Chile

Garces-Vargas¹,

Ruiz²,

Pardo³

et al. 2013

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RESUMEN.La costa sureste del Océano Pacífico entre 37º y 41°S, se caracteriza por la presencia de un gran número de estuarios micromareales (rango mareal menor a 2 m). Uno de los estuarios más importantes dentro de estas latitudes es el estuario del río Valdivia, cuya estructura y dinámica termal y halina es poco conocida. Mediante mediciones hidrográficas de temperatura y salinidad tomadas durante un ciclo estacional anual y el análisis de sus principales forzantes (marea, caudal del río, vientos y radiación solar) se explica la variabilidad así como sus cambios en la estratificación vertical. El análisis de la estructura termohalina de la columna de agua reveló que el estuario varió estacionalmente comportándose como un estuario de cuña salina en invierno y primavera producto del mayor caudal de los ríos afluentes, mientras que en verano y otoño se comportó como parcialmente mezclado, producto del menor caudal de los ríos. En invierno y primavera la columna de agua presentó inversión térmica, la cual fue asociada a pérdida de calor superficial y a la advección subsuperficial de aguas cálidas desde el océano adyacente hacia el interior del estuario que no se mezclaron con las de la superficie debido a la intensa estratificación salina. El cambio en el régimen estuarino de cuña salina a parcialmente mezclado según la estación del año y presencia de la inversión térmica estacional, son características hidrográficas necesarias tanto para la implementación de esfuerzos de conservación de hábitat vulnerables presentes en la zona (áreas de crianza de juveniles de especies explotadas), como para la utilización de este sistema para actividades de acuicultura y manejo de recursos marinos. Palabras clave: hidrografía, boyantes, mezcla, inversión térmica, río Valdivia, Chile. Hydrographic features of Valdivia river estuary south-central ChileABSTRACT. The area between 37º and 41°S of the southeastern Pacific coast, have a great number of microtidal (tidal range less than 2 m) estuaries. One of the most important estuaries in these latitudes is the Valdivia River estuary, whose thermal and haline structure is poorly known. Thus, this work, through hydrographic measurements of temperature and salinity taken during an annual seasonal cycle and the analysis of the main forcings (tide, river flow, wind and solar radiation) explain the variability and its changes in vertical stratification. The analysis of the the thermohaline structure of the water column revealed that the estuary varied seasonally behaving like a salt-wedge estuary in winter and spring due to a higher flow of tributaries. However, in summer and autumn behaved as partially mixed due the lower river flow. In winter and spring the water column showed a temperature inversion which was associated with a large surface heat loss and subsurface advection of warm waters from the adjacent ocean to into the estuary that is not mixed with the surface due to intense stratification by salinity. The change in the estuarine salt-wedge regime to partially mixed according to t...

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The surface heat fluxes along the eastern Pacific coast from 10°N to 40°S

Cited by 3 publications

References 70 publications

Reproductive patterns of musselPerumytilus purpuratus(Bivalvia: Mytilidae), along the Chilean coast: effects caused by climate change?

Reproductive patterns of musselPerumytilus purpuratus(Bivalvia: Mytilidae), along the Chilean coast: effects caused by climate change?

Seasonal Variability of Upwelling off Central-Southern Chile

Caracterizacion hidrografica del estuario del rio Valdivia, centro sur de Chile

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