The surface engineering of MOF-derived titanium oxide–carbon multifunctional composite catalyst for efficient electrochemical nitrogen reduction

Recent Advances in Metal‐Organic Framework‐Based Nanomaterials for Electrocatalytic Nitrogen Reduction

“…Furthermore, by testing at -0.4 V (vs RHE), ZIF-67@Ti 3 C 2 composite showed good long-term durability up to 15 h (Figure 22f). Besides the work discussed above, other typical MOF-based hybrid composites for E-NRR examples are MOF-derived titanium oxide-carbon multifunctional composite (O V -TiO 2 @C/Cu) with NH 3 yield of 16.10 μg h −1 mg cat −1 and FE of 6.04% at -0.55 V (vs RHE); [112] Fe-N/C-carbon nanotube (CNT) composite with NH 3 yield of 34.83 μg h −1 mg cat −1 and FE of 9.28% at -0.2 V (vs RHE) [113] and carbon nitride-supported CuCeO 2 composites derived from bimetal MOF with NH 3 yield of 44.5 μg h −1 mg cat −1 at -0.5 V (vs RHE). [114]…”

Overview of emerging catalytic materials for electrochemical green ammonia synthesis and process

“…Also, MOF-derived copper porous carbon with Ovacancy of TiO 2 NPs (O V -TiO 2 @C/Cu) was prepared via a self-template method and subsequent carbonization hot treatment for ENRR under ambient conditions by Faming Gao et al in 2021. 216 The synthesis includes the following: (i) Cu source (Cu (NO 3 ) 2 •3H 2 O) and BTC were dissolved in DMF and then transferred into an autoclave for hydrothermal reaction (i.e., Cu-MOF), (ii) the obtained product was used to prepare TiO 2 @Cu-MOF with titanium (IV) butoxide by refluxing about 5 h, and (iii) for the fabrication of O V -TiO 2 @C/Cu, TiO 2 @Cu-MOF was heated in a tubular furnace under N 2 atmosphere. Similarly, anatase or rutile phase O V -TiO 2 was also prepared in comparison.…”

The synergistic catalysis effect on electrochemical nitrate reduction at the dual-function active sites of the heterostructure

“…3 Up to now, the industrial NH 3 production remains heavily reliant on the Haber-Bosch technology, in which the high reaction temperature (400-550 1C), high reaction pressure (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25), and the feedstock (H 2 ) supply require the consumption of massive conventional fuels. 4 To alleviate the pressure of environment and energy, the electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction (NITRR) technology has been developed for the removal of nitrate pollutants in water and synthesis of value-added chemical (NH 3 ). 5 The reaction mechanism in the multiple proton-electron transfer process is mainly reflected in the adsorption, deoxygenation, and hydrogenation steps of adsorbed intermediates (*NO x ).…”

“…3 Up to now, the industrial NH 3 production remains heavily reliant on the Haber–Bosch technology, in which the high reaction temperature (400–550 °C), high reaction pressure (15–25 MPa), and the feedstock (H 2 ) supply require the consumption of massive conventional fuels. 4…”

“…S37, ESI †). 4 Furthermore, the capacitance curves were employed to calculate the double-layer capacitances (C dl ) and electrochemical surface area (ECSA). To assess the NITRR performance at the intrinsic activity sites of the electrode, the NH 3 yield and partial current density of NH 3 were normalized by ECSA.…”