The Surface Energy Budget in the Accumulation Zone of the Laohugou Glacier No. 12 in the Western Qilian Mountains, China, in Summer 2009

Sun, Weijun; Qin, Xiang; Ren, Jiawen; Yang, Xiangdong; Zhang, Tong; Liu, Yushuo; Cui, Xiaoqing; Du, Wentao

doi:10.1657/1938-4246-44.3.296

Cited by 40 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…SHF and LHF are sensitive to local heat and moisture variations (Sun et al, ; Sun et al, ). During maritime air intrusions, increased temperature and humidity combined with a strong wind increased the fluxes during early July (Figure ): LHF shows a peak hourly value of 18 W m −2 around 4 July (Figure b).…”

Section: Surface Energy Balance Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Surface Energy Balance at Panda 1 Station, Princess Elizabeth Land: A Typical Katabatic Wind Region in East Antarctica

et al. 2020

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Using automatic weather station and reanalysis data (ERA5) from 2011 at Panda-1 Station, situated in the katabatic region of Princess Elizabeth Land, East Antarctica, the surface energy balance was calculated using a surface temperature iteration method, and the characteristics of each energy component were analyzed. Downward shortwave and longwave radiation were the two primary energy sources during summer days with seasonal means of 346 and 142 W m −2 . The turbulent fluxes of sensible and latent heat flux represent smaller heat sources. In the annual mean, reflected shortwave radiation exceeds the upward longwave radiation with a seasonal average values of −287 W m −2 . During winter, the shortwave radiation is small, and the main energy input and output terms of the surface energy balance are downward and upward longwave radiation, with seasonal average values of 149 and −159 W m −2 , respectively. The combination of high wind speed and a large near-surface humidity gradient during summer resulted in significant frost depositional events. The total surface frost deposition for the whole year was 24 kg m −2 , which accounted for 61% of the total accumulation (averaged over 10 years). When a high-pressure ridge blocks cyclones and deflects fronts of low-pressure systems to inland East Antarctica during winter, this has a significant impact on the surface energy balance at Panda 1 automatic weather station, with daily sensible and latent heat fluxes increasing by as much as 25 and 12 W m −2 , respectively. These results still contain uncertainties as we only address a single year, when interannual variability may be considerable, and we do not consider drifting snow sublimation.

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Section: Surface Energy Balance Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Surface Energy Balance at Panda 1 Station, Princess Elizabeth Land: A Typical Katabatic Wind Region in East Antarctica

et al. 2020

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“…The average air temperature and precipitation between June 1 and September 30 were −2.6°C and 394 mm, respectively, recorded by the automatic meteorological station at 5,040 m.a.s.l. on the glacier . Five different sampling materials, such as rocks, soil, water, cryoconite, ice/snow, were aseptically collected from the LHG.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Culture‐dependent diversity of bacteria from Laohugou glacier, Qilian Mts., China and their resistance against metals

et al. 2019

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In the current study, psychrophilic, endolithic, and epilithic bacterial strains were isolated and characterized from the nonpolar Laohugou glacier (LHG) no. 12, the largest valley glacier in the western Qilian Mts. located on the northeastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau. Five different types of samples, rocks, soil, glacial water, ice/snow, and cryoconite, were collected. A total of 48 bacterial strains were isolated by using the R2A bacterial cultural medium. The findings revealed that the Gram‐positive bacteria 41 (85.4%) dominated the Gram‐negative bacteria 7 (14.6%) in this extremely harsh environment. Molecular characterization based on 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing exhibited that the obtained isolates belong to four phyla, among which the diversity of Firmicutes (58.33%) was higher followed by Actinobacteria (23.0%), Proteobacteria (14.6%), and least diversity was reported in Euryarchaeota (4.2%). The bacterial communities were most dominant in soil samples followed by cryoconite sample and least dominant in the ice and snow samples. Moreover, the obtained bacterial isolates were found resistant to high concentrations of heavy metals (Cr3+, Cd2+, Hg2+, and Ar3+) and sodium chloride, and, therefore, exhibited polyextremophilic characteristics. LHG no. 12 is rich in bacterial and archaeal diversities and provides a potentially curious site for further in‐depth exploration of microbial diversity and their biotechnological applications.

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“…For LHG12, most accumulation and ablation events overlap in summer (Sun et al, 2012). The meltwa- ter entrapped in snow and moulins can refreeze at a depth where the temperature is below the melting point.…”

Section: Choice Of Surface Thermal Boundary Conditionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An investigation of the thermomechanical features of Laohugou Glacier No. 12 on Qilian Shan, western China, using a two-dimensional first-order flow-band ice flow model

et al. 2018

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Abstract. By combining in situ measurements and a twodimensional thermomechanically coupled ice flow model, we investigate the thermomechanical features of the largest valley glacier (Laohugou Glacier No. 12; LHG12) on Qilian Shan located in the arid region of western China. Our model results suggest that LHG12, previously considered as fully cold, is probably polythermal, with a lower temperate ice layer overlain by an upper layer of cold ice over a large region of the ablation area. Modelled ice surface velocities match well with the in situ observations in the east branch (main branch) but clearly underestimate those near the glacier terminus, possibly because the convergent flow is ignored and the basal sliding beneath the confluence area is underestimated. The modelled ice temperatures are in very good agreement with the in situ measurements from a deep borehole (110 m deep) in the upper ablation area. The model results are sensitive to surface thermal boundary conditions, for example surface air temperature and near-surface ice temperature. In this study, we use a Dirichlet surface thermal condition constrained by 20 m borehole temperatures and annual surface air temperatures. Like many other alpine glaciers, strain heating is important in controlling the englacial thermal structure of LHG12. Our transient simulations indicate that the accumulation zone becomes colder during the last two decades as a response to the elevated equilibrium line altitude and the rising summer air temperatures. We suggest that the extent of accumulation basin (the amount of refreezing latent heat from meltwater) of LHG12 has a considerable impact on the englacial thermal status.

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The Surface Energy Budget in the Accumulation Zone of the Laohugou Glacier No. 12 in the Western Qilian Mountains, China, in Summer 2009

Cited by 40 publications

References 45 publications

The Surface Energy Balance at Panda 1 Station, Princess Elizabeth Land: A Typical Katabatic Wind Region in East Antarctica

The Surface Energy Balance at Panda 1 Station, Princess Elizabeth Land: A Typical Katabatic Wind Region in East Antarctica

Culture‐dependent diversity of bacteria from Laohugou glacier, Qilian Mts., China and their resistance against metals

An investigation of the thermomechanical features of Laohugou Glacier No. 12 on Qilian Shan, western China, using a two-dimensional first-order flow-band ice flow model

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