The surface and tribological chemistry of carbon disulfide as an extreme-pressure additive

Lara, J.; Surerus, Kristene K.; Kotvis, Peter V.; Contreras, M.E.; Rico, José Luis; Tysoe, Wilfred T.

doi:10.1016/s0043-1648(99)00368-3

Cited by 29 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…It is generally agreed that AW films containing a relatively hard polyphosphate glass are formed by reaction with the phosphorus in the additive. Chlorine- [8,9], sulfur- [10,11] and phosphorus-containing [12][13][14][15][16] molecules are all used as EP additives. It has been demonstrated previously that chlorinated hydrocarbons function by reactively forming a FeCl 2 film [17][18][19] at the high temperatures (>1000 K [20]) encountered at the solid-solid interface during EP applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reaction of tributyl phosphate with oxidized iron: surface chemistry and tribological significance

et al. 2005

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The chemistry of tributyl phosphate on Fe 3 O 4 was studied in ultrahigh vacuum using temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) and Auger spectroscopy. A portion of the tributyl phosphate desorbs intact with an activation energy of $120 kJ/mol. The remainder decomposes either by PAO bond scission to deposit surface butoxy species or appears to dehydrogenate desorbing C 2 or C 3 compounds and depositing hydrogen and carbon on the surface. The resulting hydrogen reacts either with the oxide to desorb water or with butoxy species yielding 1-butanol. The remaining butoxy species are stable up to $600 K where they decompose to desorb butanal via hydride elimination where again the hydrogen reacts with butoxy species to form 1-butanol or with the oxide to form water. The carbon deposited onto the surface further reduces the oxide to desorb as CO above $750 K, although a small amount of carbon is detected on the surface using Auger spectroscopy. Substantially larger amounts of carbon are deposited onto the surface when Fe 3 O 4 is exposed to tributyl phosphate at 300 K, where an Auger depth profile reveals that the carbon is located at the surface while the PO x species formed by tributyl phosphate decomposition diffuse rapidly into the oxide layer, leading to a film structure in which graphitic carbon is deposited onto a phosphorus-containing oxide layer.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reaction of tributyl phosphate with oxidized iron: surface chemistry and tribological significance

et al. 2005

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“…This is because the novel additive molecules may be decomposed to produce [R-SH] under boundary lubrication conditions, which can easily interact with the surface to form the extreme pressure film containing ferrous sulfate, FeS and FeS 2 . And the presence of sulfate, FeS, and FeS 2 was proposed to decrease the strength of the tribofilm thereby improving the extreme pressure characteristics and load-carrying capacity (Lara et al, 2000;Wang, 1994). However, the S-containing inorganic tribochemical film is a sacrificial layer, and is easily removed.…”

Section: The Worn Surface Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Tribological performance of 2‐mercaptobenzothiazole derivatives as lubricating oil additives

Wu¹,

Zeng²

2008

Industrial Lubrication and Tribology

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Purpose -The paper's aim is to study tribological performances of two 2-mercaptobenzothiazole derivatives which are ashless and lacking in phosphorous as lubricating oil additives in HVIW H150 base oils. Design/methodology/approach -The two 2-mercaptobenzothiazole derivatives were synthesized; their tribological performances were evaluated with a four-ball machine, and the worn surface was analyzed with a X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Findings -The two compounds possess good anti-wear properties and excellent load-carrying capacity. According to the XPS results, the additive reacted with counter-face metal and generated a sulphur-containing inorganic film consisting of FeS, FeS 2 and FeSO 4 , and a complex N-containing resin polymer film. Research limitations/implications -Their antioxidant properties are not estimated, and their anti-wear action mechanism need to be further explored. Practical implications -Two useful ashless AW lubricating oil additives were synthesized, and may be has potential as gas engine lubricating oil additives. Originality/value -This paper provides a study of some N, S-containing heterocyclic compounds as lubricating oil additives.

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“…For example, sulfur-containing additives react to form a sulfide, and those containing chlorine form low-friction ferrous chloride layers on iron [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9], and more complex additives such as zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate have correspondingly more complex surface chemistry, ultimately resulting in the formation of a glassy anti-wear film [10][11][12][13][14][15]. Such film-forming surface reactions can be thought of as occurring in two steps, the first being the adsorption of the additive onto the surface, followed by a chemical reaction to form the surface film.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the wear rate increases with increasing load, and higher normal loads lead to higher interfacial temperatures due to Joule (frictional) heating, lubricant additives should ideally react more rapidly with increasing temperature, and this is generally found to be the case [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]17]. That is, the film growth kinetics of the additive respond to the severity of the tribological conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface and Tribological Chemistry of Water and Carbon Dioxide on Copper Surfaces

Furlong

Gao

2008

Tribol Lett

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The tribological chemistry of carbon dioxide and water vapor is studied on copper surfaces at high pressures, with a view to understand the gas-phase lubrication of copper-copper sliding contacts. The adsorption and film formation properties are studied on vapor-deposited copper films in an ultrahigh vacuum chamber using a quartz crystal microbalance. The nature of the reactively formed film is studied after reaction by ex situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Carbon dioxide adsorbs reversibly on copper, while water vapor adsorbs both reversibly and irreversibly, where XPS reveals that the irreversibly formed film consists of a mixture of cuprous oxide/hydroxide. Measuring the thickness of the cuprous oxide/hydroxide film as a function of water vapor pressure and temperature reveals that its thickness varies between about 6 and 14 Å and is proportional to the total amount of water adsorbed on the surface. This results in a cuprous oxide/hydroxide film that is thinner at higher temperatures.

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The surface and tribological chemistry of carbon disulfide as an extreme-pressure additive

Cited by 29 publications

References 25 publications

Reaction of tributyl phosphate with oxidized iron: surface chemistry and tribological significance

Reaction of tributyl phosphate with oxidized iron: surface chemistry and tribological significance

Tribological performance of 2‐mercaptobenzothiazole derivatives as lubricating oil additives

Surface and Tribological Chemistry of Water and Carbon Dioxide on Copper Surfaces

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