The Supraorbital Torus: "A Most Remarkable Peculiarity" [and Comments and Replies]

Russell, Mary Doria; Brown, T.; Garn, Stanley M.; Giris, Fakhry; Turkel, Spencer; İşcan, M. Ya̧sar; Oyen, Ordean J.; Jacobshagen, Burkhard; Pietrusewsky, Michael; Rightmire, G. Philip; Smith, Fred H.; Turner, Christy G.; Živanović, Srboljub

doi:10.1086/203279

Cited by 96 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Rapid somatic growth combined with heightened muscularity (acceleration resulting in peramorphosis), but with foreshortened limbs (paedomorphosis), would produce a short yet massive (''stocky'') coldadapted hominid that dutifully obeyed the ecogeographic rules of Bergmann and Allen. Furthermore, androgens and growth hormone stimulate cranial vault thickening and brow-ridge growth, as recognized initially by Keith 61 and documented more fully by recent research. 62 Brothwell's 3 suggestion that hormones could have large effects at the growth cartilages of the cranial base and face, and could also affect nasal, alveolar, and sinus development, as well as molar taurodontism, draws Neandertal craniofacial morphology under the endocrine umbrella as well (Fig.…”

Section: Endocrine-shift Explanations For Neandertal Morphologymentioning

confidence: 83%

Cold adaptation, heterochrony, and neandertals

Churchill¹

1998

Evol. Anthropol.

126

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Section: Endocrine-shift Explanations For Neandertal Morphologymentioning

confidence: 83%

Cold adaptation, heterochrony, and neandertals

Churchill¹

1998

Evol. Anthropol.

126

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“…Lieberman, 1995;Lahr, 1996;Lahr and Wright, 1996). A developed supraorbital ridge or prominence is often considered a primitive feature indicative of either mechanical or non-functional general robustness, and has been discussed from diverse perspectives including masticatory, spatiodevelopmental, and neutral genetic vs. environmental models (Russell, 1985;Lieberman, 1995;Lahr and Wright, 1996;Baab et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative analysis of the glabellar region morphology of the late Pleistocene Minatogawa crania: a three-dimensional approach

Saso

Matsukawa

Suwa

2011

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The Late Pleistocene human fossils recovered from the Minatogawa fissure in Okinawa Island are important in understanding the population history of the Japan archipelago. Based on highresolution laser scanning, we conducted a three-dimensional (3-D) topographic evaluation of the glabellar and superciliary regions of the Minatogawa and Jomon crania. We aimed to address the question of whether the glabellar morphology of the Minatogawa crania can be seen as a possible ancestral condition of the Jomon people, or whether it more likely represents a distinct morphological pattern. In addition to comparative descriptions and evaluations of the visualized topography, we conducted principal components and cluster analyses using a data set of approximately 240 points located within a confined glabellofrontal area. Results indicate that the male Minatogawa I exhibits a distinct rhomboid to ovoid glabellosuperciliary prominence, in the form of an undifferentiated swollen structure that encompasses both glabellar and superciliary arch regions. Unlike the Jomon condition, this leads to a lack of concave inferolateral contour of the prominence and the virtually complete obliteration of bilateral superciliary expression. The Minatogawa II and IV female crania also exhibit the same morphological pattern at weaker levels. On the other hand, absolute glabellar projection of Minatogawa I is not as great as the developed Jomon examples. This indicates that it is the pattern that is distinctive of Minatogawa, rather than glabellar prominence itself.

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“…Probably the most commonly expressed explanation is that enlarged brow ridges represent re sponses of the bone to mechanical forces generated by chewing. This view is devel oped in a recent article by Russell [1985]. Comments on this proposition which ac company her article include evidence to the contrary; Garn [ 1985], for example, observes that brow ridges continue to expand in older humans while the bite force they can pro duce is deteriorating.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microscopic Investigations of Areolar Brow Structure in Nonhuman Primates and of Vermiculate Brow Structure in Hominids

Tappen

1988

IJFP

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The microscopic structure of bone of the brow region was studied in adult human crania showing the vermiculate surface pattern, and in immature nonhuman primates with an areolar surface. Serial sections from different parts of each brow sampled regional comparability. The human brow regions are basically similar, and differ from those of the other primates. The elevations and depressions of vermiculate surfaces are lamellar bone, usually covered by layers featuring Sharpey’s fibers. In contrast, the immature nonhuman primates do not have continuous brow surface layers. Passageways to the interior are closely spaced and separated by irregular projections. These findings indicate that fossil and modern human vermiculate surfaces are not structurally equivalent to areolar brow surfaces observed in some immature nonhuman primates. Reports describing fossil hominid brow regions as composed of ‘fine cancellous bone’ are probably erroneous and give misleading interpretations of their development and function.

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The Supraorbital Torus: "A Most Remarkable Peculiarity" [and Comments and Replies]

Cited by 96 publications

References 48 publications

Cold adaptation, heterochrony, and neandertals

Cold adaptation, heterochrony, and neandertals

Comparative analysis of the glabellar region morphology of the late Pleistocene Minatogawa crania: a three-dimensional approach

Microscopic Investigations of Areolar Brow Structure in Nonhuman Primates and of Vermiculate Brow Structure in Hominids

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