The Suppressive Role of &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Streptococcus pneumoniae&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Colonization in Acute Exacerbations of Childhood Bronchial Asthma

Kama, Yuichi; Katô, Masahiko; Yamada, Yoshiyuki; Kitahara, Takashi; Suzuki, Kazuo; Enseki, Mayumi; Tabata, Hideyuki; Hirai, Kota; Mochizuki, Hiroyuki

doi:10.1159/000504541

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Interestingly, circulating CCL2 and CCL5 concentrations were increased in infected asthmatic patients compared with nonasthmatic patients. Streptococcus species may also influence the course of asthma exacerbation, as shown by Kama, et al in preschool children [109]. Indeed, patients with S. pneumoniae colonization in the pharyngeal microbiota had significantly shorter wheezing episodes and reduced lung inflammation (including lower levels of TNF-α).…”

Section: Tablementioning

confidence: 85%

Childhood asthma heterogeneity at the era of precision medicine: Modulating the immune response or the microbiota for the management of asthma attack

Lejeune

Deschildre

Rouzic

et al. 2020

Biochemical Pharmacology

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Exacerbations are a main characteristic of asthma. In childhood, the risk is increasing with severity. Exacerbations are a strong phenotypic marker, particularly of severe and therapy-resistant asthma. These earlylife events may influence the evolution and be involved in lung function decline.In children, asthma attacks are facilitated by exposure to allergens and pollutants, but are mainly triggered by microbial agents. Multiple studies have assessed immune responses to viruses, and to a lesser extend bacteria, during asthma exacerbation. Research has identified impairment of innate immune responses in children, related to altered pathogen recognition, interferon release, or anti-viral response. Influence of this host-microbiota dialog on the adaptive immune response may be crucial, leading to the development of biased T helper (Th)2 inflammation. These dynamic interactions may impact the presentations of asthma attacks, and have long-term consequences.The aim of this review is to synthesize studies exploring immune mechanisms impairment against viruses and bacteria promoting asthma attacks in children. The potential influence of the nature of infectious agents and/or preexisting microbiota on the development of exacerbation is also addressed. We then discuss our understanding of how these diverse host-microbiota interactions in children may account for the heterogeneity of endotypes and clinical presentations. Finally, improving the knowledge of the pathophysiological processes induced by infections has led to offer new opportunities for the development of preventive or curative therapeutics for acute asthma. A better definition of asthma endotypes associated with precision medicine might lead to substantial progress in the management of severe childhood asthma.

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Section: Tablementioning

confidence: 85%

Childhood asthma heterogeneity at the era of precision medicine: Modulating the immune response or the microbiota for the management of asthma attack

Lejeune

Deschildre

Rouzic

et al. 2020

Biochemical Pharmacology

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“…Infection or treatment with killed Spn or its components reduce OVA-induced eosinophilic inflammation, T2 cytokine release, mucus hypersecretion and AHR ( 106 – 110 ). Furthermore, pneumococcal conjugate vaccine suppressed the critical features of allergic airways inflammation when administered intranasally through induction of Tregs ( 111 ) and pharyngeal Spn colonization suppresses the pathophysiology during acute asthma exacerbations in children ( 112 ).…”

Section: Impact Of Bacterial Infections In Asthma Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Therapeutics on Unified Immunity During Allergic Asthma and Respiratory Infections

Flores-Torres

Samarasinghe

2022

Front. Allergy

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Graphical AbstractInterplay between infectious agents and allergic milieu. Respiratory infections caused by viruses, bacteria and fungi play an important role in asthma pathogenesis. The immune milieu in allergic asthma may be both defective and protective during respiratory infections. Some bacteria are linked to steroid-resistant neutrophilic asthma and an aberrant immune response. Thermotolerant fungi generally induces a T2 immune response in asthma and are linked to asthma severity and higher corticosteroid requirement. Steroid-resistant neutrophilic asthma is associated with increased airway bacterial burden and reduced bacterial diversity. Corticosteroids and antibiotics induce dysbiosis in asthmatics, which may cause immune system alterations. Biologics and antivirals may be beneficial in some patients. However, the effect of eosinophil depletion on antiviral immunity in asthmatics remains unknown. Influenza and COVID-19 vaccination are recommended in asthmatics, but pneumococcal vaccine benefits are still under debate.

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“…A different stance on the role of S. pneumoniae has been raised by several studies, whereby instead of a harmful effect, it can be used for therapeutic purposes ( 159 , 160 ). In fact, this is not a new discovery, back in the 1980s it was noted that when asthmatic children were vaccinated with pneumococcal vaccine, asthma attack incidences were reduced by 56% ( 161 ).…”

Section: Bacterial Infection and Asthmamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, an inverse correlation between the intensity of symptoms experienced by individuals during an asthma attack and S. pneumoniae colonisation has been reported. Although mechanistic studies still need to be carried out to fully elucidate this phenomenon, TNF-α is implicated as the immunoregulator of S. pneumoniae induced protective effects ( 159 ).…”

Section: Bacterial Infection and Asthmamentioning

confidence: 99%

Respiratory Viral and Bacterial Factors That Influence Early Childhood Asthma

et al. 2021

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Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition characterised by episodes of shortness of breath due to reduced airway flow. The disease is triggered by a hyperreactive immune response to innocuous allergens, leading to hyper inflammation, mucus production, changes in structural cells lining the airways, and airway hyperresponsiveness. Asthma, although present in adults, is considered as a childhood condition, with a total of about 6.2 million children aged 18 and below affected globally. There has been progress in understanding asthma heterogeneity in adults, which has led to better patient stratification and characterisation of multiple asthma endotypes with distinct, but overlapping inflammatory features. The asthma inflammatory profile in children is not well-defined and heterogeneity of the disease is less described. Although many factors such as genetics, food allergies, antibiotic usage, type of birth, and cigarette smoke exposure can influence asthma development particularly in children, respiratory infections are thought to be the major contributing factor in poor lung function and onset of the disease. In this review, we focus on viral and bacterial respiratory infections in the first 10 years of life that could influence development of asthma in children. We also review literature on inflammatory immune heterogeneity in asthmatic children and how this overlaps with early lung development, poor lung function and respiratory infections. Finally, we review animal studies that model early development of asthma and how these studies could inform future therapies and better understanding of this complex disease.

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The Suppressive Role of <b><i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i></b> Colonization in Acute Exacerbations of Childhood Bronchial Asthma

Cited by 9 publications

References 26 publications

Childhood asthma heterogeneity at the era of precision medicine: Modulating the immune response or the microbiota for the management of asthma attack

Childhood asthma heterogeneity at the era of precision medicine: Modulating the immune response or the microbiota for the management of asthma attack

Impact of Therapeutics on Unified Immunity During Allergic Asthma and Respiratory Infections

Respiratory Viral and Bacterial Factors That Influence Early Childhood Asthma

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