The suppression of evapotranspiration by rising levels of atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub>

Lockwood, J. G.

doi:10.1002/j.1477-8696.1995.tb06137.x

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…As future climate is projected to demonstrate dramatic spatial and temporal variability, there is much uncertainty on how ET would respond to changes in precipitation and temperature as well as affect global water cycles [ Chattopadhyay and Hulme , ]. First, increasing atmospheric CO 2 concentration indicate reductions in stomatal aperture, resulting in an overall reduction in canopy ET [ Lockwood , ]. Second, although plant transpiration was found to decline with elevated CO 2 due to reductions in stomatal conductance, this effect can be mitigated by the increasing LAI under high CO 2 concentration [ Betts et al , ; Kergoat et al , ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Responses of global terrestrial evapotranspiration to climate change and increasing atmospheric CO₂ in the 21st century

et al. 2015

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.7 mm yr −1 (5.6%) and 13.2 mm yr −1 (2.4%) under the A2 and B1 scenarios, respectively. About 60% of global land area would experience increasing ET at rates of over 9.5 mm decade −1 over the study period under the A2 scenario. The Arctic region would have the largest ET increase (16% compared with the 2000s level) due to larger increase in temperature than other regions. Decreased ET would mainly take place in regions like central and western Asia, northern Africa, Australia, eastern South America, and Greenland due to declines in soil moisture and changing rainfall patterns. Our results indicate that warming temperature and increasing precipitation would result in large increase in ET by the end of the 21st century, while increasing atmospheric CO 2 would be responsible for decrease in ET, given the reduction of stomatal conductance under elevated CO 2 .

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Responses of global terrestrial evapotranspiration to climate change and increasing atmospheric CO₂ in the 21st century

et al. 2015

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“…In addition, changes in evapotranspiration at the ecosystem level will have direct feedbacks on the regional and global climate. Any suppression of transpiration could result in reduced relative humidity, cloud cover and rainfall, and increasing temperature (Lockwood 1995). Sellers et al (1996) concluded, with the use of a coupled biosphere–atmosphere model, that the reduction in evapotranspiration accompanying a doubling of the present ambient [CO 2 ] would result in substantial amplification of temperature increase resulting from the atmospheric ‘greenhouse effect’.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stomata of trees growing in CO₂‐enriched air show reduced sensitivity to vapour pressure deficit and drought

Heath

1998

Plant Cell & Environment

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Stomatal conductance (g s ) and photosynthetic rate (A) were measured in young beech (Fagus sylvatica), chestnut (Castanea sativa) and oak (Quercus robur) growing in ambient or CO 2 -enriched air. In oak, g s was consistently reduced in elevated CO 2 . However, in beech and chestnut, the stomata of trees growing in elevated CO 2 failed to close normally in response to increased leaf-to-air vapour pressure deficit (LAVPD). Consequently, while g s was reduced in elevated CO 2 on days with low LAVPD, on warm sunny days (with correspondingly high LAVPD) g s was unchanged or even slightly higher in elevated CO 2 . Furthermore, during drought, g s of beech and chestnut was unresponsive to [CO 2 ], over a wide range of ambient LAVPD, whereas in oak g s was reduced by an average of 50% in elevated CO 2 . Stimulation of A by elevated CO 2 in beech and chestnut was restricted to days with high irradiance, and was greatest in beech during drought. Hence, most of the additional carbon gain in elevated CO 2 was made at the expense of water economy, at precisely those times (drought, high evaporative demand) when water conservation was most important. Such effects could have serious consequences for drought tolerance, growth and, ultimately, survival as atmospheric [CO 2 ] increases.

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“…This question has been addressed by Morison and Gifford (1984), Brklacich et al (1992), Parton et al (1994), Kimball et al (1994) and Grant et al (1995), among others. Recently, Lockwood (1993Lockwood ( , 1994Lockwood ( , 1995 concluded that climate warming will decrease actual evapotranspiration rates while Lindroth (1996) advanced the opposite view.…”

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Impact of warm summers on the actual evapotranspiration from spring wheat grown on the eastern Canadian prairies

Raddatz¹

1998

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

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Impact of warm summers on the actual evapotranspiration from spring wheat grown on the eastern Canadian prairies. Can. J. Soil Sci. 78: 171-179. How do warm summers (June-July-August) influence the actual evapotranspiration totals from cropped land sown to spring wheat on the eastern Canadian Prairies? The eastern Prairies is a semi-arid region where over 60% of the land is cultivated. Over a third of the cropped land is usually sown to spring wheat. A comparison of mean summer temperatures and modelled evapotranspiration, for the years 1988 to 1996, demonstrated that with the current environmental conditions and farming practices, warm summers have lower actual evapotranspiration totals from spring wheat than cool summers. The average daily actual evapotranspiration rate is generally higher in years with higher mean summer temperatures; however, the crop growth-period is shorter. The net effect is lower total actual evapotranspiration from spring wheat. This suggests that climate warming on the eastern Canadian Prairies, if the current trend continues and all other factors remain equal, will reduce, on average, the total actual evapotranspiration from spring wheat. A reduction in the growth-period actual evapotranspiration from lands sown to spring wheat will likely decrease the total actual evapotranspiration for the entire warm season as growth-period evapotranspiration currently makes up about three-quarters of the seasonal total. However, the magnitude and timing of the reduction is far from certain. The consequence for agriculture may be a reduction in the average spring wheat yield because yield is positively correlated with the actual evapotranspiration total from the crop. Key words:Modelling, crop growth-period, yield, climate warming Raddatz, R. L. et Shaykewich, C. F. 1998. Incidences des étés chauds sur l'évapotranspiration réelle du blé de printemps cultivé dans la partie orientale des Prairies canadiennes. Can. J. Soil Sci. 78: 171-179. Comment les étés chauds : juin, juillet, août, influent-ils sur l'évapotranspiration réelle totale des terres ensemencées en blé de printemps, dans l'est des provinces canadiennes des Prairies? Dans cette région semi-aride, plus de 60 % des terres sont en culture, dont plus d'un tiers est habituellement ensemencé en blé de printemps. En comparant les températures moyennes de l'été et l'évapotranspiration modélisée pour la péri-ode 1988 à 1996, on a pu constater que dans les conditions environnementales et selon les pratiques agricoles actuelles, les étés chauds produisent une évapotranspiration réelle totale effectivement plus basse à partir des cultures de blé de printemps que les étés frais. En effet, si l'évapotranspiration quotidienne réelle moyenne est généralement plus élevée en années de températures d'été moyennes élevées, en revanche la saison de végétation du blé est plus courte. Cette constatation suggère que le réchauffe-ment du climat dans cette région, si la tendance actuelle se maintient et tous autres facteurs demeurant égaux, provoquera en moyenne ...

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The suppression of evapotranspiration by rising levels of atmospheric CO₂

Cited by 10 publications

References 8 publications

Responses of global terrestrial evapotranspiration to climate change and increasing atmospheric CO₂ in the 21st century

Responses of global terrestrial evapotranspiration to climate change and increasing atmospheric CO₂ in the 21st century

Stomata of trees growing in CO₂‐enriched air show reduced sensitivity to vapour pressure deficit and drought

Impact of warm summers on the actual evapotranspiration from spring wheat grown on the eastern Canadian prairies

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The suppression of evapotranspiration by rising levels of atmospheric CO2

Cited by 10 publications

References 8 publications

Responses of global terrestrial evapotranspiration to climate change and increasing atmospheric CO2 in the 21st century

Responses of global terrestrial evapotranspiration to climate change and increasing atmospheric CO2 in the 21st century

Stomata of trees growing in CO2‐enriched air show reduced sensitivity to vapour pressure deficit and drought

Impact of warm summers on the actual evapotranspiration from spring wheat grown on the eastern Canadian prairies

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The suppression of evapotranspiration by rising levels of atmospheric CO₂

Responses of global terrestrial evapotranspiration to climate change and increasing atmospheric CO₂ in the 21st century

Responses of global terrestrial evapotranspiration to climate change and increasing atmospheric CO₂ in the 21st century

Stomata of trees growing in CO₂‐enriched air show reduced sensitivity to vapour pressure deficit and drought