The Supply of Glass at <i>Portus Ilicitanus</i> (Alicante, Spain): A Meta‐Analysis of HIMT Glasses

Ares, Jorge de Juan; Schibille, Nadine; Vidal, Jaime Molina; Prado, María Dolores Sánchez de

doi:10.1111/arcm.12446

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…However, this import appears to relate only to isolated, finished objects and not to the trade of raw glass en masse. In contrast, raw glass chunks indicative of bulk imports and regional secondary working have been recovered from numerous late antique and Visigothic Iberian sites ( 11 , 26 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ex novo development of lead glassmaking in early Umayyad Spain

Schibille

Ares

García

et al. 2020

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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This study investigates glass finds from the Iberian Peninsula as a proxy for identifying the mechanisms underlying technological transformations and innovation in the wake of the Arab conquest in the seventh and eighth centuries CE. High-resolution laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry data combined with lead isotope analyses of a precisely dated (mid-eighth century to 818 CE) glass assemblage from the Rabad of Šaqunda in Cordoba, capital of Umayyad Spain, enabled us to trace the origins of an Iberian glassmaking industry and to unambiguously link it to the exploitation of local raw materials. The analytical data reveal increased recycling, some isolated imports of Islamic plant ash glasses from Mesopotamia, and, most notably, the development of a new type of glassmaking technology that resorted to the use of lead slag from silver and lead mining and processing in the region around Cordoba. The production of this type of lead glass from Šaqunda was short-lived and was subsequently refined by introducing additional fluxing agents. The technological innovation of Islamic glassmaking in Spain evidently drew inspiration from adjacent high-temperature technologies. The revival of glass and the development of a local glassmaking tradition was indirectly related to the wider processes of Islamization, such as the introduction of glazed ceramics that are compositionally related to the lead glasses from Šaqunda.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ex novo development of lead glassmaking in early Umayyad Spain

Schibille

Ares

García

et al. 2020

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…The contents of Nb, Y, Zr, and TiO 2 have been compared in binary plots. The glasses of the subgroup 1A (HIMT1) show high contents of these elements in line with a sand batch that was rich in heavy minerals and/or clays (Figure 9) (Brems et al, 2018;De Juan Ares et al, 2019a;Freestone et al, 2002;Gliozzo et al, 2019). The samples US122-Y and US122-76, considered of doubtful attribution because of their low Na 2 O contents, show compositions in agreement with the other samples of the sub-group 1A, thereby confirming the hypothesis that these glasses were subjected to only by a superficial de-alkalinisation.…”

Section: Trace Element Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…The glasses of the subgroup 1B show chemical characteristics that can be related to the HIMT2 type. Bibliografic data from: Brems et al, 2018;Ceglia et al, 2015Ceglia et al, , 2019De Juan Ares et al, 2019a;Foy et al, 2003;Gliozzo et al, 2019;Phelps et al, 2016;Schibille et al, 2017Schibille et al, , 2019 Indeed, differing from the HIMT1 glasses, the samples show lower contents of FeO, TiO 2 and Mn. Furthermore, CaO and Al 2 O 3 contents vary around 7-8 wt% and 2.5-3 wt% respectively.…”

Section: Major Element Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ternary plots for the samples of the first group compared with the bibliographic data of natron-type glasses distributed in the Mediterranean area and Europe for most of the first millennium AD. Bibliografic data from: Brems et al, 2018;Ceglia et al, 2015Ceglia et al, , 2019De Juan Ares et al, 2019a;Foy et al, 2003;Gliozzo et al, 2019;Phelps et al, 2016;Schibille et al, 2017Schibille et al, , 2019…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemical Characterization of Vitreous Finds from Cosenza Cathedral (Calabria – Italy) by the Combined Use of Analytical Techniques

Barca

Papparella

2020

Open Archaeology

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AbstractThis article presents an archaeometrical research carried out on twenty-six vitreous finds collected in the Cosenza Cathedral (Calabria, Italy). The glasses have been subdivided in two typo-chronological groups. The first group is composed of 14 vitreous samples dating to the 4th–6th century AD. The second group includes twelve samples; seven are stems of funnel-shaped hanging lamps which date between the 12th and the 13th century AD, two are bottlenecks of balsamaria and three are concave bases. The aims of this study were the determination of the chemical composition of vitreous finds and the individuation of the primary glass sources. The samples were characterized through Electron Probe Micro Analyser with Wavelength Dispersive Spectrometer (EPMA-WDS) and Laser Ablation with Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). The data confirm that all the finds of the first group are “silica-soda-lime” type glasses characterized by a high content of Na2O and a low content of K2O and MgO. On the contrary, the samples of the second group, showing higher contents of K2O and MgO, are vegetable silica-soda-lime glasses. Their composition confirms the typological attribution to the medieval period.

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“…About ten major compositional groups of Roman and late antique natron‐type glasses have by now been identified that can be traced back to different primary productions in the Levant and in Egypt [2–8] . Recent work on late antique and early medieval assemblages from Spain has established changing supply patterns of Egyptian and Levantine base glass types, an increase in recycling particularly in the seventh and eighth centuries, and the gradual development of a local primary glassmaking industry [9–11] . However, the distinction of the output of different secondary workshops that fabricated vessels from raw glass based on compositional features still proves challenging [1]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rare Alkali Elements as Markers of Local Glass Working in Medieval Tolmo de Minateda (Spain)

et al. 2022

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Analytical data of Roman and early Islamic glass established several primary glass production groups linked to glassmaking centres in the Levant and in Egypt. In contrast, the activities of secondary glass workshops are largely invisible in the compositional fingerprint of first millennium glass. Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) of 261 glass finds from the Visigothic settlement of Tolmo de Minateda (Spain) revealed a site-specific contamination pattern due to secondary glass processing and recycling, namely the enrichment of the glass batch by a unique combination of rare alkali elements (Li, K, Rb, Cs). With a median of 21 ppm, Li is particularly distinctive. Elevated lithium contents (Li > 30 ppm) are also one of the characteristic features of Iberian plant ash glass from the Islamic period. The earliest known examples of this type of glass were found among the ninth-century remains from Tolmo.

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The Supply of Glass at Portus Ilicitanus (Alicante, Spain): A Meta‐Analysis of HIMT Glasses

Cited by 16 publications

References 49 publications

Ex novo development of lead glassmaking in early Umayyad Spain

Ex novo development of lead glassmaking in early Umayyad Spain

Chemical Characterization of Vitreous Finds from Cosenza Cathedral (Calabria – Italy) by the Combined Use of Analytical Techniques

Rare Alkali Elements as Markers of Local Glass Working in Medieval Tolmo de Minateda (Spain)

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