The supplement to Developing the Psychiatric Nurse Job Stressor Scale

Abstract

Background: We developed a supplemental version of the Psychiatric Nurse Job Stressor Scale (PNJSS) to assess job stressors related to difficulty in supporting the future lives of patients, physical environment of the psychiatric ward and medical accidents in the psychiatric ward and tested its reliability and validity. Methods: We made a questionnaire of 11 items and analyzed the responses from 302 psychiatric nurses (PNs).The brief job stress questionnaire and PNJSS were used to confirm the validity of the supplemental version of PNJSS.The factors were extracted by the exploratory factor analysis. Cronbach's alpha coefficients and the test-retest reliability coefficients (Pearson's correlation coefficients) were calculated for scale reliability. Forconvergent and predictive validity, Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated. The goodness-of-fit (factorial validity) was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis. Results: Using factor analysis on 11 items, we extracted 10 items in three categories of factors: (1) estimate of situation for psychiatric nursing, (2) physical environment of the psychiatric ward and (3) medical accidents in the psychiatric ward. For scale reliability, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.620-0659 and the test-retest reliability coefficient was r=0.520-0.797 (p<0.01). For scale validity, a significant correlation was observed with external variables for the total scale and almost all subscales, confirming the convergent and predictive validity of the Supplemental version. For factorial validity, strong goodness-of-fit was observed for data from the factor model, with χ2/df ratio=1.808, Good of Fit Index=0.965, Adjusted Good of Fit Index=0.940, Comparative Fit Index=0.934 and Root Mean Square Error of Approximation=0.052. Conclusion:The PNJSS (Supplemental version) has strong reliability and validity with three factors and 10 items. Using the Supplemental version with the PNJSS we previously developed may enable a more detailed assessment of stress in PNs.

Occupational Stress, Coping Strategies, and Quality of Life among Nurses in General and Psychiatric Setting in Jeddah City—KSA

“…As well association was found between length of experience and communication subscale, but when this result is compared with research done by Ho, Chang [28] they explained that nurses with 6 -10 years of experience have higher level of job stress than nurses with less than 5 years or more than 11 years' experience. Likewise, the finding from Yada, Abe [10] recognized that middle aged nurses i.e. with 6 -10 years' experience are given full accountabilities at work, and many roles during this phase clarify why middle-aged nurses experience job stress more often.…”

“…Excessive occupational stress has a negative consequence on the psychological well-being of nurses (including behavioral, emotional and cognitive levels), reducing their work efficiency [10]. However, Asberg, Bowers [29] supported that occupational stress strongly correlated with QOL.…”

“…Stress causes mental health disorders for psychiatric nurses, some common stressors include poor working relationships between nurses and doctors and other health care professionals, demanding communication and relationships with patients and relatives, emergency cases, high work load, understaffing and lack of support or positive feedback from senior nursing staff[10]. Also, psychiatric nurses have an isolated occupation environment that includes locked ward entrances, as a result, the potential for patient conflict with the associated risk of both physical and mental danger or violence perpetrated by aggressive patients is…”

Promoting Resilience in Nurses Caring for Patients with Psychiatric Disorders

“…demanding relationships from patients with psychiatric disorders and their relatives, emergency cases and high work burden (13) . As a result, nurses in psychiatric hospital have an unusual work environment that includes confined spaces, the potential risk of conflict between patients with the associated risk of physical and mental abuse by aggressive patients, and the need to isolate or seclude patients to avoid harming themselves or other people.…”

Exploration of the Factor Structure of the Burden Experienced by Individuals Providing End-of-Life Care at Home

“…Item analysis was conducted using SPSS ver. 21.0 software package for Windows (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA); factor extraction with Kaiser criteria was considered more appropriate to grasp multiple factors than Scree test [ 25 – 27 ]. Internal consistency and convergent validity was calculated.…”