The Superiority of the Otolith System

Miguel, Ángel Ramos de; Zarowski, Andrzej; Sluydts, Morgana; Macías, Ángel Manuel Ramos; Wuyts, Floris L.

doi:10.1159/000504595

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The authors conclude that the otolithic VI significantly restores dynamic visual acuity ( Rodríguez-Montesdeoca et al, 2022 ). Ramos de Miguel states, “The otolith system must be considered superior to the SCC system as illustrated by evolution, clinical evidence, and physical principles” ( Ramos de Miguel et al, 2020 ). The authors have developed a European Project denominated BionicVEST to share and expand the use of the technology; they propose using the otolithic system as a primary target for VI.…”

Section: Human Implantation Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vestibular prosthesis: from basic research to clinics

Soto

Pliego

Vega

2023

Front. Integr. Neurosci.

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Balance disorders are highly prevalent worldwide, causing substantial disability with high personal and socioeconomic impact. The prognosis in many of these patients is poor, and rehabilitation programs provide little help in many cases. This medical problem can be addressed using microelectronics by combining the highly successful cochlear implant experience to produce a vestibular prosthesis, using the technical advances in micro gyroscopes and micro accelerometers, which are the electronic equivalents of the semicircular canals (SCC) and the otolithic organs. Reaching this technological milestone fostered the possibility of using these electronic devices to substitute the vestibular function, mainly for visual stability and posture, in case of damage to the vestibular endorgans. The development of implantable and non-implantable devices showed diverse outcomes when considering the integrity of the vestibular pathways, the device parameters (current intensity, impedance, and waveform), and the targeted physiological function (balance and gaze). In this review, we will examine the development and testing of various prototypes of the vestibular implant (VI). The insight raised by examining the state-of-the-art vestibular prosthesis will facilitate the development of new device-development strategies and discuss the feasibility of complex combinations of implantable devices for disorders that directly affect balance and motor performance.

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Section: Human Implantation Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vestibular prosthesis: from basic research to clinics

Soto

Pliego

Vega

2023

Front. Integr. Neurosci.

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“…Kinocilia on the surfaces of the two types of HCs in the vestibular system are anchored in “otolith,” a kind of biomineralized aggregate of calcium and protein ( Day and Fitzpatrick, 2005 ; Ramosdemiguel et al, 2020 ). When the head inclines or the body accelerates, the otolith shifts due to the effects of gravity, thereby moving kinocilia to one side through kinociliary links ( Day and Fitzpatrick, 2005 ).…”

Section: Degeneration Of the Kinociliamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Kinocilia of Cochlear Hair Cells: Structures, Functions, and Diseases

Wang

Zhou

2021

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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Primary cilia are evolutionarily conserved and highly specialized organelles that protrude from cell membranes. Mutations in genes encoding ciliary proteins can cause structural and functional ciliary defects and consequently multiple diseases, collectively termed ciliopathies. The mammalian auditory system is responsible for perceiving external sound stimuli that are ultimately processed in the brain through a series of physical and biochemical reactions. Here we review the structure and function of the specialized primary cilia of hair cells, termed kinocilia, found in the mammalian auditory system. We also discuss areas that might prove amenable for therapeutic management of auditory ciliopathies.

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“…The inner ear labyrinth forms a crucial part of the system of balance in vertebrates. The balance-related part of the labyrinth is composed of two distinct sensory structures: the three semicircular canals, which detect angular acceleration (rotations) of the head, and the utricle and saccule of the vestibule, which respond primarily to linear acceleration and gravity [1][2][3]. In many vertebrates, biomineralized structures are present in the saccule and/or utricle; these so-called 'ear stones' are known as otoliths or statoliths.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

‘Ear stones’ in crocodylians: a cross-species comparative and ontogenetic survey of otolith structures

et al. 2022

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The vestibular system of the inner ear is a crucial sensory organ, involved in the sensation of balance and equilibrium. It consists of three semicircular canals that sense angular rotations of the head and the vestibule that detects linear acceleration and gravity. The vestibule often contains structures, known as the otoliths or ‘ear stones’. Otoliths are present in many vertebrates and are particularly well known from the fossil record of fish, but surprisingly have not been described in detail in most tetrapods, living or extinct. Here, we present for the first time a survey of the otoliths of a broad sample of extant crocodylian species, based on computed tomography scans. We find that otoliths are present in numerous crocodylian species of different growth stages, and they continue to increase in size during ontogeny, with positive allometry compared to skull length. Our results confirm that otoliths are a common component of the crocodylian vestibular system, and suggest they play an important role in sensory detection. Otoliths are likely common, but overlooked, constituents of the inner ear in tetrapods, and a broader study of their size, shape and distribution promises insight into sensory abilities.

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The Superiority of the Otolith System

Cited by 11 publications

References 22 publications

Vestibular prosthesis: from basic research to clinics

Vestibular prosthesis: from basic research to clinics

The Kinocilia of Cochlear Hair Cells: Structures, Functions, and Diseases

‘Ear stones’ in crocodylians: a cross-species comparative and ontogenetic survey of otolith structures

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