The Superfluid Helium Cryogenic System for the LHC Test String: Design, Construction and First Operation

Bézaguet, A.; Casas‐Cubillos, J.; Flemsaeter, B.; Gaillard-Grenadier, B.; Goiffon, T.; Guinaudeau, H.; Lebrun, Philippe; Marquet, M.; Serio, L.; Suraci, A.; Tavian, L.; Weelderen, R. van

doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-0373-2_100

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The first full-scale application of the helium II bayonet heat exchanger is the LHC Test String, a fully operational model of a half-cell of the future collider 16 , which has been intensively tested since 1994. Over a length of 40 m, its cold mass is cooled by a helium II bayonet heat exchanger using a 41.5/50.5-mm diameter corrugated copper tube ( Figure 6).…”

Section: Examples Of Application the Lhc Test Stringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cooling Strings of Superconducting Devices Below 2 K: The Helium II Bayonet Heat Exchanger

Lebrun

Serio

Tavian

et al. 1998

Advances in Cryogenic Engineering

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High-energy particle accelerators and colliders contain long strings of superconducting devices -acceleration RF cavities and magnets -operating at high field, which may require cooling in helium II below 2 K. In order to maintain adequate operating conditions, the applied or generated heat loads must be extracted and transported with minimum temperature difference. Conventional cooling schemes based on conductive or convective heat transport in pressurized helium II very soon reach their intrinsic limits of thermal impedance over extended lengths. We present the concept of helium II bayonet heat exchanger, which has been developed at CERN for the magnet cooling scheme of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), and describe its specific advantages as a slim, quasi-isothermal heat sink. Experimental results obtained on several test set-ups and a prototype magnet string have permitted to validate its performance and sizing rules, for transporting linear heat loads in the W. m -1 range over distances of several tens of meters. ABSTRACTHigh-energy particle accelerators and colliders contain long strings of superconducting devices -acceleration RF cavities and magnets -operating at high field, which may require cooling in helium II below 2 K. In order to maintain adequate operating conditions, the applied or generated heat loads must be extracted and transported with minimum temperature difference. Conventional cooling schemes based on conductive or convective heat transport in pressurized helium II very soon reach their intrinsic limits of thermal impedance over extended lengths. We present the concept of helium II bayonet heat exchanger, which has been developed at CERN for the magnet cooling scheme of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), and describe its specific advantages as a slim, quasi-isothermal heat sink. Experimental results obtained on several test set-ups and a prototype magnet string have permitted to validate its performance and sizing rules, for transporting linear heat loads in the W. m -1 range over distances of several tens of meters.

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Section: Examples Of Application the Lhc Test Stringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cooling Strings of Superconducting Devices Below 2 K: The Helium II Bayonet Heat Exchanger

Lebrun

Serio

Tavian

et al. 1998

Advances in Cryogenic Engineering

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“…The remaining circuits are used for cool-down, 1.9 K temperature control, and cryostat heat intercepts. The string cryogenic system is described in detail in references 3,4 . Prior to their mounting in the string, each magnet has been quench-tested separately in standalone configuration 5 .…”

Section: The Prototype Magnet Stringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermohydraulics of quenches and helium recovery in the LHC prototype magnet strings

et al. 1998

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* LHC DivisionPresented at CHATS'97, San Francisco, USA 23-25 July 1997 Administrative Secretariat LHC Division CERN CH -1211 Geneva 23 Switzerland Geneva, 17 November 1997In preparation for the Large Hadron Collider project, a 42.5 m-long prototype superconducting magnet string, representing a half-cell of the machine lattice, has been built and operated. A series of tests was performed to assess the thermohydraulics of resistive transitions (quenches) of the superconducting magnets. These measurements provide the necessary foundation for describing the observed evolution of the helium in the cold mass and formulating a mathematical model based on energy conservation. The evolution of helium after a quench simulated with the model reproduces the observations. We then extend the simulations to a full LHC cell, and finally analyse the recovery of helium discharged from the cold mass. In preparation for the Large Hadron Collider project, a 42.5 m-long prototype superconducting magnet string, representing a half-cell of the machine lattice, has been built and operated. A series of tests was performed to assess the thermohydraulics of resistive transitions (quenches) of the superconducting magnets. These measurements provide the necessary foundation for describing the observed evolution of the helium in the cold mass and formulating a mathematical model based on energy conservation. The evolution of helium after a quench simulated with the model reproduces the observations. We then extend the simulations to a full LHC cell, and finally analyse the recovery of helium discharged from the cold mass.

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“…The expected static loads of the main elements in the half cells has been assessed with good confidence and experimentally verified through several independent, yet converging approaches [4][5][6][7]. Parallel to the magnet cryostats in the arc runs the cryogenic distribution line from which each halfcell is supplied with cryogenic fluids.…”

Section: The Arcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demands in Refrigeration Capacity for the Large Hadron Collider

Lebrun¹,

Riddone²,

Tavian³

et al. 1997

Proceedings of the Sixteenth International Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference

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The capacity demands on the cryogenic installations for the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN have been recently updated [1]. Unlike the LEP energy upgrade using superconducting acceleration cavities LHC will require high power refrigeration at 1.9 K, as well as non-isothermal cooling at 4.5 K to 20 K and at 50 K to 75 K. This paper presents the assessment of cryogenic capacity that has to be supplied by the eight refrigerators for LHC in relation with the foreseen operating modes of the machine. The capacity demands on the cryogenic installations for the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN have been recently updated [2]. Unlike the LEP energy upgrade using superconducting acceleration cavities LHC will require high power refrigeration at 1.9 K, as well as non-isothermal cooling at 4.5 K to 20 K and at 50 K to 75 K. This paper presents the assessment of cryogenic capacity that has to be supplied by the eight refrigerators for LHC in relation with the foreseen operating modes of the machine.

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The Superfluid Helium Cryogenic System for the LHC Test String: Design, Construction and First Operation

Cited by 13 publications

References 6 publications

Cooling Strings of Superconducting Devices Below 2 K: The Helium II Bayonet Heat Exchanger

Cooling Strings of Superconducting Devices Below 2 K: The Helium II Bayonet Heat Exchanger

Thermohydraulics of quenches and helium recovery in the LHC prototype magnet strings

Demands in Refrigeration Capacity for the Large Hadron Collider

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