The superficial venous drainage of the breast: A clinical study and implications for breast reduction surgery

Corduff, Niamh; Rozen, Warren M.; Taylor, G. Ian

doi:10.1016/j.bjps.2009.02.055

Cited by 20 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…13,14 The subareolar plexus has been found consistently in the subcutaneous plane. 13 The nipple venous drainage appears to run medially to the internal mammary veins.…”

Section: Venous Drainage Of the Breastmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The subareolar plexus radiates most frequently to the superomedial and inferior pole. 13,14 The dominant drainage route was found to be via the third and fourth intercostal spaces. 13,14 Superomedial drainage is via the second and third intercostal spaces, while lower pole drainage is via the fourth and fifth intercostal spaces.…”

Section: Venous Drainage Of the Breastmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…13,14 The dominant drainage route was found to be via the third and fourth intercostal spaces. 13,14 Superomedial drainage is via the second and third intercostal spaces, while lower pole drainage is via the fourth and fifth intercostal spaces. 13,14 The subareolar plexus has been found consistently in the subcutaneous plane.…”

Section: Venous Drainage Of the Breastmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…13,14 Superomedial drainage is via the second and third intercostal spaces, while lower pole drainage is via the fourth and fifth intercostal spaces. 13,14 The subareolar plexus has been found consistently in the subcutaneous plane. 13 The nipple venous drainage appears to run medially to the internal mammary veins.…”

Section: Venous Drainage Of the Breastmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Surgical Anatomy of the Breast

El‐Tamer¹,

Mitchell²

2012

Principles and Techniques in Oncoplastic Breast Cancer Surgery

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Topology of the Breast: An OverviewThe breasts are the most superficial aspect of the anterior chest wall. The skin immediately over the breast tissue is characterized with a nipple areola complex (NAC), centrally located in young adults. The borders of the breast are the second intercostal space superiorly, the midaxillary line laterally, the inframammary line inferiorly, and the sternum medially. The breast overlies the pectoralis major muscle and part of the serratus anterior, external oblique, and rectus abdominus. The NAC is generally located in the fourth and fifth intercostal spaces in males and prepubescent children.Many studies have reported that women's breasts are more frequently asymmetric. 1,2 In a recent study, Avsar et al. measured anthropometric breast values in 386 female students and reported symmetric breast volume in only 35% of subjects. 3 Multiple studies have been done over the years on all aspects of breast anatomy, including arterial supply, venous drainage, and lymphatic patterns. Discrepancies have existed in the published literature in aspects such as lymphatic mapping, dominant arterial supplies, and general vascular patterns. Information presented in the following paragraphs represents the most current research and findings. Along with the currently supported theories, we have also listed papers of historical precedence which are of interest and relevance to all surgeons.

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“…13,14 The subareolar plexus has been found consistently in the subcutaneous plane. 13 The nipple venous drainage appears to run medially to the internal mammary veins.…”

Section: Venous Drainage Of the Breastmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Venous Drainage Of the Breastmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Venous Drainage Of the Breastmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Venous Drainage Of the Breastmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Surgical Anatomy of the Breast

El‐Tamer¹,

Mitchell²

2012

Principles and Techniques in Oncoplastic Breast Cancer Surgery

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show abstract

“…The title might better have been "The Arterial Supply to the Breast." Michelle le Roux et al 9 and Corduff et al 15 (both first authors from Taylor's group) performed studies that better define the venous drainage. It has a similar arrangement to the arterial supply, and the majority of the veins drain superomedially, with a few draining laterally and inferiorly.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%