The Super-Kamiokande detector

Fukuda, Seisuke; Fukuda, Y.; Hayakawa, Tomokatsu; Ichihara, E.; Ishitsuka, M.; Itow, Y.; Kajita, T.; Kameda, J.; Kaneyuki, K.; Kasuga, S.; Kobayashi, Kazuyoshi; Kobayashi, Yoshiyuki; Koshio, Y.; Miura, Makoto; Moriyama, S.; Nakahata, M.; Nakayama, S.; Namba, T.; Obayashi, Y.; Okada, Atsushi; Oketa, M.; Okumura, K.; Oyabu, Takako; Sakurai, N.; Shiozawa, M.; Suzuki, Yoshihiro; Takeuchi, Y.; Toshito, T.; Totsuka, Y.; Yamada, S.; Desai, S.; Earl, M.; Hong, J. T.; Kearns, E.; Masuzawa, M.; Messier, M. D.; Stone, J. L.; Sulak, L.; Walter, C. W.; Wang, W.; Scholberg, K.; Barszczak, T.; Casper, D.; Liu, D. W.; Gajewski, W.; Halverson, P. G.; Hsu, Jonathan Y.; Kropp, W. R.; Mine, S.; Price, L. R.; Reines, F.; Smy, M.; Sobel, H. W.; Vagins, M. R.; Ganezer, K. S.; Keig, W. E.; Ellsworth, R. W.; Tasaka, S.; Flanagan, J.; Kibayashi, A.; Learned, J. G.; Matsuno, S.; Stenger, V. J.; Hayato, Y.; Ishii, T.; Ichikawa, A. K.; Kanzaki, J.; Kobayashi, T.; Maruyama, T.; Nakamura, K.; Oyama, Y.; Sakai, Akito; Sakuda, M.; Sasaki, O.; Echigo, S.; Iwashita, T.; Kohama, M.; Suzuki, A.; Hasegawa, M.; Inagaki, T.; Kato, I.; Maesaka, H.; Nakaya, T.; Nishikawa, K.; Yamamoto, Shuji; Haines, T. J.; Kim, B. K.; Sanford, R.; Svoboda, R.; Blaufuss, E.; Chen, M. L.; Conner, Z.; Goodman, J. A.; Guillian, E.; Sullivan, G. W.; Turčan, D.; Habig, A.; Ackerman, Margareta; Göebel, F.; Hill, J.; Jung, C. K.; Kato, Takashi; Kerr, D.; Malek, M.; Martens, K.; Mauger, C.; McGrew, C.; Sharkey, E.; Viren, B.; Yanagisawa, C.; Doki, W.; Inaba, S.; Ito, K.; Kirisawa, Makoto; Kitaguchi, Masaaki; Mitsuda, C.; Miyano, K.; Saji, C.; Takahata, M.; Takahashi, Miho; Higuchi, Koji; Kajiyama, Yuji; Kusano, Akira; Nagashima, Y.; Nitta, K.; Takita, M.; Yamaguchi, Tomohiro; Yoshida, Masato; Kim, H. I.; Kim, S. B.; Yoo, J.; Okazawa, H.; Etoh, M.; Fujita, K.; Gando, Y.; Hasegawa, T.; Hasegawa, T.; Hatakeyama, S.; Inoue, K.; Ishihara, K.; Iwamoto, Toshiyuki; Koga, M.; Nishiyama, Ippei; Ogawa, Hiroshi; Shirai, J.; Takayama, Takuya; Tsushima, F.; Koshiba, M.; Ichikawa, Yasumasa; Hashimoto, Tsuyoshi; Hatakeyama, Yutaka; Koike, Masafumi; Horiuchi, Takashi; Nemoto, Mariko; Nishijima, K.; Takeda, Hiroshi; Fujiyasu, H.; Futagami, T.; Ishino, H.; Kanaya, Yoshio; Morii, M.; Nishihama, H.; Nishimura, Hiroyuki; Suzuki, Toshikazu; Watanabe, Y.; Kiełczewska, D.; Golebiewska, Urszula; Berns, H.; Boyd, S. B.; Doyle, R. A.; George, Jimin; Stachyra, A. L.; Wai, L.; Wilkes, R. J.; Young, K. K.; Kobayashi, Hirotada

doi:10.1016/s0168-9002(03)00425-x

Cited by 895 publications

(633 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…As a result the efficiency for tagging electrons from muon decays within the ID is 89.1%, an essential element of removing backgrounds containing subthreshold muons or charged pions. Further details of the detector and its calibration may be found in [9,93,94].…”

Section: Far Detectormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SKDETSIM incorporates the propagation of photons in water, subject to absorption, Rayleigh scattering, and Mie scattering. The simulation of these processes is tuned using laser calibration sources in situ [93]. Control samples that are not related to the T2K beam spills are used to assess systematic uncertainty, including muons and neutrinos produced from cosmic ray interactions with the atmosphere (cosmic ray muons and atmospheric neutrinos) and combinations of simulated and cosmic ray data (hybrid-π 0 sample).…”

Section: Systematic Uncertaintymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Measurements of neutrino oscillation in appearance and disappearance channels by the T2K experiment with6.6×1020protons on target

Abe¹,

Adam²,

Aihara³

et al. 2015

Phys. Rev. D

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278

376

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We report on measurements of neutrino oscillation using data from the T2K long-baseline neutrino experiment collected between 2010 and 2013. In an analysis of muon neutrino disappearance alone, we find the following estimates and 68% confidence intervals for the two possible mass hierarchies: normal hierarchy∶ sin 2 θ 23 ¼ 0.514 þ0.055 −0.056 and Δm 2 32 ¼ ð2.51 AE 0.10Þ × 10 −3 eV 2 =c 4 and inverted hierarchy∶ sin 2 θ 23 ¼ 0.511 AE 0.055 and Δm 2 13 ¼ ð2.48 AE 0.10Þ × 10 −3 eV 2 =c 4 . The analysis accounts for multinucleon mechanisms in neutrino interactions which were found to introduce negligible bias. We describe our first analyses that combine measurements of muon neutrino disappearance and electron neutrino appearance to estimate four oscillation parameters, jΔm 2 j, sin 2 θ 23 , sin 2 θ 13 , δ CP , and the mass hierarchy. Frequentist and Bayesian intervals are presented for combinations of these parameters, with and without including recent reactor measurements. At 90% confidence level and including reactor measurements, we exclude the region δ CP ¼ ½0.15; 0.83 π for normal hierarchy and δ CP ¼ ½−0.08; 1.09 π for inverted hierarchy. The T2K and reactor data weakly favor the normal hierarchy with a Bayes factor of 2.2. The most probable values and 68% one-dimensional credible intervals for the other oscillation parameters, when reactor data are included, are sin 2 θ 23 ¼ 0.528 þ0.055 −0.038 and jΔm 2 32 j ¼ ð2.51 AE 0.11Þ × 10 −3 eV 2 =c 4 .

show abstract

Section: Far Detectormentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Systematic Uncertaintymentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurements of neutrino oscillation in appearance and disappearance channels by the T2K experiment with6.6×1020protons on target

Abe¹,

Adam²,

Aihara³

et al. 2015

Phys. Rev. D

Self Cite

278

376

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The detector is composed of the inner detector, which contains 22.5 kton fiducial volume, and the outer detector for tagging cosmic ray muons entering the detector. Descriptive overviews of Super-Kamiokande and technical details are given in the literature [19]. The n −n oscillation analysis described in this paper used the complete SuperKamiokande-I data set being equivalent to 2.45 × 10 34 neutron-year exposure data.…”

Section: The Super-kamiokande Detectormentioning

confidence: 99%

Search forn−n¯oscillation in Super-Kamiokande

Abe¹,

Hayato²,

Iida³

et al. 2015

Phys. Rev. D

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136

177

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2A search for neutron-antineutron (n −n) oscillation was undertaken in Super-Kamiokande using the 1,489 day livetime or 2.45 × 10 34 neutron-year exposure data. This process violates both baryon and (baryon−lepton) numbers by two units and is predicted by a large class of hypothetical models where the seesaw mechanism is incorporated to explain the observed tiny neutrino masses and the matter-antimatter asymmetry in the universe. No evidence for n −n oscillation was found, the lower limit of the lifetime for neutrons bound in 16 O, in an analysis that included all of the significant sources of experimental uncertainties, was determined to be 1.9 × 10 32 years at the 90% confidence level. The corresponding lower limit for the oscillation time of free neutrons was calculated to be 2.7 × 10 8 s using a theoretical value of the nuclear suppression factor of 0.517 × 10 23 s −1 and its uncertainty.

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“…Super-Kamiokande [13] is a large water Cherenkov detector. It is an upright cylinder in shape, 39 m in diameter and 40 m in height, and it contains 50 kton of pure water.…”

Section: Super-kamiokande Detectormentioning

confidence: 99%