The Sulfur Budget in Magmas: Evidence from Melt Inclusions, Submarine Glasses, and Volcanic Gas Emissions

Wallace, Paul; Edmonds, Marie

doi:10.2138/rmg.2011.73.8

Cited by 237 publications

(171 citation statements)

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“…The predominant gaseous sulfur species in magma are SO 2 and H 2 S (Wallace and Edmonds, 2011). Although dissolution of H 2 S does not significantly affect hydrothermal fluid chemistry, that of SO 2 into hydrothermal fluids increases the f O 2 and sulfuric acid in the fluids via the following reactions:…”

Section: Inputs Of Magmatic Volatilesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theoretical constraints of physical and chemical properties of hydrothermal fluids on variations in chemolithotrophic microbial communities in seafloor hydrothermal systems

Nakamura

Takai

2014

Prog Earth Planet Sci

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In the past few decades, chemosynthetic ecosystems at deep-sea hydrothermal vents have received attention as plausible analogues to the early ecosystems of Earth, as well as to extraterrestrial ecosystems. These ecosystems are sustained by chemical energy obtained from inorganic redox substances (e.g., H 2 S, CO 2 , H 2 , CH 4 , and O 2 ) in hydrothermal fluids and ambient seawater. The chemical and isotope compositions of the hydrothermal fluid are, in turn, controlled by subseafloor physical and chemical processes, including fluid-rock interactions, phase separation and partitioning of fluids, and precipitation of minerals. We hypothesized that specific physicochemical principles describe the linkages among the living ecosystems, hydrothermal fluids, and geological background in deep-sea hydrothermal systems. We estimated the metabolic energy potentially available for productivity by chemolithotrophic microorganisms at various hydrothermal vent fields. We used a geochemical model based on hydrothermal fluid chemistry data compiled from 89 globally distributed hydrothermal vent sites. The model estimates were compared to the observed variability in extant microbial communities in seafloor hydrothermal environments. Our calculations clearly show that representative chemolithotrophic metabolisms (e.g., thiotrophic, hydrogenotrophic, and methanotrophic) respond differently to geological and geochemical variations in the hydrothermal systems. Nearly all of the deep-sea hydrothermal systems provide abundant energy for organisms with aerobic thiotrophic metabolisms; observed variations in the H 2 S concentrations among the hydrothermal fluids had little effect on the energetics of thiotrophic metabolism. Thus, these organisms form the base of the chemosynthetic microbial community in global deep-sea hydrothermal environments. In contrast, variations in H 2 concentrations in hydrothermal fluids significantly impact organisms with aerobic and anaerobic hydrogenotrophic metabolisms. Particularly in H 2 -rich ultramafic rock-hosted hydrothermal systems, anaerobic and aerobic hydrogenotrophy is more energetically significant than thiotrophy. The CH 4 concentration also has a considerable impact on organisms with aerobic and anaerobic methanotrophic metabolisms, particularly in sediment-associated hydrothermal systems. Recently clarified patterns and functions of existing microbial communities and their metabolisms are generally consistent with the results of our thermodynamic modeling of the hydrothermal mixing zones. These relationships provide important directions for future research addressing the origin and early evolution of life on Earth as well as for the search for extraterrestrial life.

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Section: Inputs Of Magmatic Volatilesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theoretical constraints of physical and chemical properties of hydrothermal fluids on variations in chemolithotrophic microbial communities in seafloor hydrothermal systems

Nakamura

Takai

2014

Prog Earth Planet Sci

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“…Consequently, porphyry Cu deposits are generally thought to form from hydrothermal fluids exsolved from hydrous, high-fO 2 , sulfur-rich arc magmas derived from a metasomatized mantle wedge that formed during slab subduction (e.g., Arculus, 1994;Noll et al, 1996;De Hoog et al, 2001;McInnes et al, 2001;Sun et al, 2003Sun et al, , 2004Sun et al, , 2013Mungall et al, 2006;Richards, 2009Richards, , 2011aWallace and Edmonds, 2011).…”

Section: Origin Of Porphyry Cu Deposits In Collisional Orogenic Settingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geochemical differences between subduction- and collision-related copper-bearing porphyries and implications for metallogenesis

Chen

Wang

et al. 2015

Ore Geology Reviews

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Porphyry Cu (-Mo-Au) deposits occur not only in continental margin-arc settings (subduction-related porphyry Cu deposits, such as those along the eastern Pacific Rim (EPRIM)), but also in continent-continent collisional orogenic belts (collision-related porphyry Cu deposits, such as those in southern Tibet). These Cu-mineralized porphyries, which develop in contrasting tectonic settings, are characterized by some different trace element (e.g., Th, and Y) concentrations and their ratios (e.g., Sr/Y, and La/Yb), suggesting that their source magmas probably developed by different processes. Subduction-related porphyry Cu mineralization on the EPRIM is associated with intermediate to felsic calc-alkaline magmas derived from primitive basaltic magmas that pooled beneath the lower crust and underwent melting, assimilation, storage, and homogenization (MASH), whereas K-enriched collision-related porphyry Cu mineralization was associated with underplating of subduction-modified basaltic materials beneath the lower crust (with subsequent transformation into amphibolites and eclogite amphibolites), and resulted from partial melting of the newly formed thickened lower crust. These different processes led to the collision-related porphyry Cu deposits associated with adakitic magmas enriched by the addition of melts, and the subduction-related porphyry Cu deposits associated with magmas comprising all compositions between normal arc rocks and adakitic rocks, all of which were associated with fluid-dominated enrichment process.In subduction-related Cu porphyry magmas, the oxidation state (fO 2 ), the concentrations of chalcophile metals, and other volatiles (e.g., S and Cl), and the abundance of water were directly controlled by the composition of the primary arc basaltic magma. In contrast, the high Cu concentrations and fO 2 values of collision-related Cu porphyry magmas were indirectly derived from subduction modified magmas, and the large amount of water and other volatiles in these magmas were controlled in part by partial melting of amphibolite derived from arc basalts that were underplated beneath the lower crust, and in part by the contribution from the rising potassic and ultrapotassic magmas. Both subduction-and collision-related porphyries are enriched in potassium, and were associated with crustal thickening. Their high K 2 O contents were primarily as a result of the inheritance of enriched mantle components and/or mixing with contemporaneous ultrapotassic magmas.

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“…Tsuno & Dasgupta 2012;Alt et al 2013;Jego & Dasgupta 2014). Despite this, however, primary arc melts are observed to contain much higher concentrations of sulphur than mid-ocean ridge basalts; this is primarily due to their more oxidized nature and higher carrying capacity when sulphur is dissolved as sulphate (Jugo et al 2005;Wallace & Edmonds 2011). …”

Section: Devolatilization Of the Subducting Slabmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CO 2 is only weakly soluble in melts, and for mafic melts in arcs the initial volatile phase involved in bubble nucleation will be rich in carbon. Under conditions of high fO 2 , sulphur partitions strongly into vapour even at high pressures (Scaillet & Pichavant 2003); this has the result that for evolved melts stored in the upper crust, the bulk of the sulphur may be stored as vapour (Wallace & Gerlach 1994;Wallace & Edmonds 2011). Alternatively, or perhaps in addition for some systems, mafic magma underplating supplies volatiles through a process of 'gas sparging' (Bachmann & Bergantz 2006) or quench crystallization, vesiculation and mingling (Edmonds et al 2014b).…”

Section: The Role Of Volatiles In Subvolcanic Processes and Eruption mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Volcanic gases in arcs are rich in H 2 O, chlorine, bromine and iodine compared to gases at rift and ocean island settings, which directly reflects the influence of slab-derived fluids on primary melt compositions (Pyle & Mather 2009;Kutterolf et al 2013;Kendrick et al 2014a, b). Arc magmas are in general far richer in sulphur than their oceanic counterparts, reflecting the higher oxygen fugacity characteristic of arc melts and their enhanced capacity to carry dissolved sulphate (Wallace & Edmonds 2011). There is little direct evidence that primary arc melts are inherently richer in CO 2 than ocean island basalts, although it has been suggested that deep and pervasive CO 2 gas fluxing is prevalent in many arc settings (Blundy et al 2010) and might be an important process in the creation of some lower crustal granulites (e.g.…”

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Volatiles in subduction zone magmatism

Zellmer

Edmonds

Straub

2014

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Abstract:The volatile cycle at subduction zones is key to the petrogenesis, transport, storage and eruption of arc magmas. Volatiles control the flux of slab components into the mantle wedge, are responsible for melt generation through lowering the solidi of mantle materials, and influence the crystallizing phase assemblages in the overriding crust. Globally, magma ponding depths may be partially controlled by melt volatile contents. Volatiles also affect the rate and extent of degassing during magma storage and decompression, influence magma rheology and therefore control eruption style. The style of eruptions in turn determines the injection height of environmentally sensitive gases into the atmosphere and the impact of explosive arc volcanism. In this overview we summarize recent advances regarding the role of volatiles during slab dehydration, melt generation in the mantle wedge, magmatic evolution in the overriding crust, eruption triggering, and the release of some magmatic volatiles from volcanic edifices into the Earth's atmosphere.In contrast to mid-ocean ridge magmatism, where upwelling and adiabatic decompression of the mantle is the primary cause of melt generation, subduction zone magmatism is triggered by the depression of the mantle solidus due to influx of volatiles (dominantly There is ongoing debate about the processes that form extractable melts of the hydrated mantle wedge. One model suggests that efficient melt extraction requires a degree of melting of the wedge so large that melts are generally extracted at or above the 1300 8C isotherm, that is, close to the anhydrous solidus (Kushiro 1987;Schmidt & Poli 1998). The advective flux of heat carried by this melt then perturbs the location of the anhydrous solidus upwards (England & Katz 2010b), and melts eventually penetrate the lithosphere and enter the crust by hydrofracture and dyking. Alternatively, melting is dominated by decompression in slab and mantle diapirs that may rise upwards through the wedge (Behn et al. 2011).Here, we address volatile cycling from the dehydration of the subducting slab to arc volcanic degassing into the atmosphere (Fig. 1). A product of subduction is the output of volatiles as volcanic gases; another is the sinking of the slab containing 'residual' volatiles into the deep mantle. Volcanic gases in arcs are rich in H 2 O, chlorine, bromine and iodine compared to gases at rift and ocean island settings, which directly reflects the influence of slab-derived fluids on primary melt compositions by guest on May 10, 2018 http://sp.lyellcollection.org/ Downloaded from (Pyle & Mather 2009;Kutterolf et al. 2013; Kendrick et al. 2014a, b). Arc magmas are in general far richer in sulphur than their oceanic counterparts, reflecting the higher oxygen fugacity characteristic of arc melts and their enhanced capacity to carry dissolved sulphate (Wallace & Edmonds 2011). There is little direct evidence that primary arc melts are inherently richer in CO 2 than ocean island basalts, although it has been suggested that deep and pe...

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The Sulfur Budget in Magmas: Evidence from Melt Inclusions, Submarine Glasses, and Volcanic Gas Emissions

Cited by 237 publications

References 186 publications

Theoretical constraints of physical and chemical properties of hydrothermal fluids on variations in chemolithotrophic microbial communities in seafloor hydrothermal systems

Theoretical constraints of physical and chemical properties of hydrothermal fluids on variations in chemolithotrophic microbial communities in seafloor hydrothermal systems

Geochemical differences between subduction- and collision-related copper-bearing porphyries and implications for metallogenesis

Volatiles in subduction zone magmatism

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