The suitability of rare earth elements for geographical traceability of tea leaves

Abstract

BACKGROUND Rare earth elements (REEs) have been used for the identification of the geographical origins of an increasing number of foods. This study analyzed the effects of geographical origin, harvest season, variety, and their interactions on REEs in tea leaves to investigate whether REEs were suitable for geographical identification of tea leaves. Tea leaves of different varieties and the corresponding soils were collected in different seasons from different areas of China. The concentrations of 14 REEs in tea leaves and soils were determined, and then analyzed with one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA), multi‐way ANOVA, correlation analysis, and linear discriminant analysis. RESULTS All factors significantly affected the contents of REEs in tea leaves. The concentrations of REEs in tea leaves were related to those in provenance soils. However, the concentrations of most REEs in tea leaves were primarily affected by the harvest season. CONCLUSION Seasonal variations should be considered when REE fingerprinting is applied for the identification of tea for authentication purposes. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry

Conditions Affecting the Release of Heavy and Rare Earth Metals from the Mine Tailings Kola Subarctic

“…In living organisms, REEs can form chelates with substances involved in metabolism, for example, with proteins, nucleic acids, amino acids, pigments, etc. [ 85 ]. Many studies have noted the ability of REEs to replace calcium ions in organisms [ 86 , 87 ], including in enzymes, thereby interfering with the normal physiological course of enzymatic reactions.…”

Geographical Origin Authentication of Agri-Food Products: A Review

“…Therefore, the ratio analysis of stable isotopes in combination with elemental analysis is a powerful technique for detecting the authenticity of PDO cheeses. There have been numerous applications on other types of agricultural and food products such as sea cucumber [25,53], coffee beans [54,55], tea [56], and flour [57,58], demonstrating the importance of the issue and the increased interest of the international scientific community in this.…”

Traceability of the Geographical Origin of Siraitia grosvenorii based on Multielement Contents coupled with Chemometric Techniques

“…So far, graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS), ame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), inductively couple plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) have been applied to determine the content of trace elements or stable isotope ratio, combined with supervised pattern recognition techniques, such as linear discriminant analysis (LDA), k-nearest neighbours (k-NN), support vector machine (SVM) and arti cial neural network (ANN), providing a useful tool for the differentiation of the geographical origin of products. From the reported studies in the literature, this strategy has been successfully applied to agricultural products (cereal 3 , wheat 4,5 , buckwheat 6 , rice 7,8 , onion 9,10 , sesame seed 11 , potato 12 , honey 13 , pumpkin seed oil 14 , chili pepper 15 , cocoa bean 16 , seafood (prawn 17 , sh 18 ), fruit (date palm 19 , Sechium edule fruit 20 , lemon juice 21 , meat (wild rabbit meat 22 , tea 23 , pork 24 ) and wine 25 .…”