The Sudden Flats Site: A Pleistocene/Holocene Transition Shell Midden on Alta California's Central Coast

Lebow, Clayton; Harro, Douglas R.; McKim, Rebecca L.; Hodges, Charles; Munns, Ann M.; Enright, Erin A.; Haslouer, Leeann

doi:10.1080/1947461x.2015.1108560

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…(Rice 1972). These early dates from interior sites correspond with the earliest dates for Olivella beads from coastal California, which similarly suggest that bead production dates to at least the early Holocene (Erlandson et al 2005;Fitzgerald et al 2005;Lebow et al 2016;Morris and Erlandson 1993).…”

supporting

confidence: 58%

“…They support previous claims of early Holocene bead use in the northern Great Basin based on less secure stratigraphic associations (Jenkins et al 2004). Second, together with the other directly dated early Holocene shell beads from inland sites (e.g., Fitzgerald et al 2005) and obsidian from inland sources at coastal sites in California and Oregon (e.g., Davis et al 2004;Erlandson et al 2011;Lebow et al 2016), the LSP-1 beads suggest that far-reaching exchange networks were established relatively early in humans' tenure in western North America. Although many lithic artifacts from early Holocene assemblages in the Great Basin often display substantial transport distances, researchers generally do not emphasize exchange as a primary conveyance mechanism, instead favoring direct procurement (Beck and Jones 2011;Jones et al 2003;Smith 2010, but see Newlander 2015.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…sources at coastal sites in California and Oregon (Davis et al, 2004;Erlandson et al 2011;Lebow et al 2016). In Oregon's Fort Rock Basin, Jenkins et al (2004) report nine Olivella beads from components dated to ca.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Age and Origin of Olivella Beads from Oregon’s LSP-1 Rockshelter: The Oldest Marine Shell Beads in the Northern Great Basin

Smith

Cherkinsky²,

Hadden³

et al. 2016

Am. antiq.

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Beads manufactured from marine shells originating along the Pacific Coast have been found at numerous sites in the western United States. Because they were conveyed across substantial distances and widely exchanged during ethnographic times, researchers generally assume that shell beads were also traded prehistorically. By examining the spatial and temporal distribution of beads, researchers have reconstructed prehistoric exchange networks. In this article, we present stable isotope data and accelerator mass spectrometer (AMS) radiocarbon dates for six Callianax (previously Olivella) biplicata beads from the LSP-1 rockshelter in southcentral Oregon. Most of the beads were deposited during the early Holocene during a series of short-term occupations and the shells used to manufacture them were procured along the northern California, Oregon, or Washington coasts.

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supporting

confidence: 58%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

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The Age and Origin of Olivella Beads from Oregon’s LSP-1 Rockshelter: The Oldest Marine Shell Beads in the Northern Great Basin

Smith

Cherkinsky²,

Hadden³

et al. 2016

Am. antiq.

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“…These early maritime peoples were equipped with finely made stemmed points and crescents similar to specimens found in other early NCI Paleocoastal sites, as well as WST sites found near wetland environments across much of western North America [5,9]. Some scholars have argued that early Paleocoastal people on the NCI may have been mainlanders travelling to the islands seasonally (see [10,11]), but more than 100 Paleocoastal sites have now been identified on the islands and the distinctive and delicate stemmed CIA and CIB points they used have no parallel in assemblages from adjacent mainland sites (see [20,42]). Although located on an interior upland landform, the Paleocoastal people who occupied CA-SRI-26 had a maritime economy and hunting technology.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maritime Paleoindian technology, subsistence, and ecology at an ~11,700 year old Paleocoastal site on California’s Northern Channel Islands, USA

et al. 2020

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During the last 10 years, we have learned a great deal about the potential for a coastal peopling of the Americas and the importance of marine resources in early economies. Despite research at a growing number of terminal Pleistocene archaeological sites on the Pacific Coast of the Americas, however, important questions remain about the lifeways of early Paleocoastal peoples. Research at CA-SRI-26, a roughly 11,700 year old site on California's Santa Rosa Island, provides new data on Paleoindian technologies, subsistence strategies, and seasonality in an insular maritime setting. Buried beneath approximately two meters of alluvium, much of the site has been lost to erosion, but its remnants have produced chipped stone artifacts (crescents and Channel Island Amol and Channel Island Barbed points) diagnostic of early island Paleocoastal components. The bones of waterfowl and seabirds, fish, and marine mammals, along with small amounts of shellfish document a diverse subsistence strategy. These data support a relatively brief occupation during the wetter "winter" season (late fall to early spring), in an upland location several km from the open coast. When placed in the context of other Paleocoastal sites on the Channel Islands, CA-SRI-26 demonstrates diverse maritime subsistence strategies and a mix of seasonal and more sustained year-round island occupations. Our results add to knowledge about a distinctive island Paleocoastal culture that appears to be related to Western Stemmed Tradition sites widely scattered across western North America.

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“…Kumqaq’ and the larger Santa Barbara Channel region have been inhabited by the Chumash and their ancestors for at least 13,000 years (Erlandson et al 2011; Lebow et al 2015). Chumash refers to a language family with at least three branches (Northern, Central, and Island) and six different languages (Obispeño, Purismeño, Samala/Ineseño, Shmuwich/Barbareño, Isleño/Cruzeño, and Mitsqanaqan/Ventureño), corresponding to different Chumash tribal groups (Golla 2007:80).…”

Section: Context and Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cultural Keystone Places and the Chumash Landscapes of Kumqaq’, Point Conception, California

et al. 2022

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The places in which people live and spend time are steeped in history, memory, and meaning from the intersection of daily life, environmental interactions, cultural practices, and ritual. Geologic features, plants, animals, and ecosystems merge with these cultural histories, forming critical parts of the landscape and areas of “high cultural salience,” or “cultural keystone places” (CKPs). We identify Kumqaq’ (Point Conception) and the surrounding area in California as a Chumash CKP. Ethnohistoric accounts and contemporary Chumash community members have long demonstrated the importance of Point Conception in Chumash worldview and identity, whereas biologists, ecologists, and conservationists reference the area's rich biodiversity and significance as a biogeographical boundary. Recent archaeological survey of the coastline surrounding Kumqaq’ highlights these connections, identifying over 50 archaeological sites—including shell middens, villages, lithic scatters, and rock art—with at least 9,000 years of occupation. Ongoing collaborations among archaeologists, the Nature Conservancy, and Chumash community members help document and understand the long-term linkages between cultural and biological diversity and how integrating these perspectives can help ensure the resilience of this nexus of human and natural history in the Anthropocene future.

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The Sudden Flats Site: A Pleistocene/Holocene Transition Shell Midden on Alta California's Central Coast

Cited by 12 publications

References 26 publications

The Age and Origin of Olivella Beads from Oregon’s LSP-1 Rockshelter: The Oldest Marine Shell Beads in the Northern Great Basin

The Age and Origin of Olivella Beads from Oregon’s LSP-1 Rockshelter: The Oldest Marine Shell Beads in the Northern Great Basin

Maritime Paleoindian technology, subsistence, and ecology at an ~11,700 year old Paleocoastal site on California’s Northern Channel Islands, USA

Cultural Keystone Places and the Chumash Landscapes of Kumqaq’, Point Conception, California

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