“…53,77 In addition, VATS has been used to place anterior instrumentation for correction of thoracic and thoracolumbar AIS. 2,16,21,41,42,54,56,58,73,81 Retrospective reviews have suggested that thoracoscopic spinal instrumentation compares favorably with anterior instrumentation through thoracotomy 16,54 and with posterior fusion. 41,81 Although a limited number of groups demonstrate acceptable results using VATS for the surgical treatment of AIS, this approach is not widely used, probably due in part to the relatively steep learning curve, 43,58,81 limitations in curve correction, 2,21,36,58 and the high incidence of pulmonary complications.…”