The subtalar joint: Biomechanics and functional representations in the literature

Jastifer, James R.; Gustafson, Peter A.

doi:10.1016/j.foot.2014.06.003

Cited by 61 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Motion of the subtalar joint is complex. Due to the convex posterior facet of the calcaneus and corresponding concave facet of the talus, subtalar joint movement can be described as rotation, translation or a combination of both 1,15 . In general, subtalar joint motion has been described using a finite helical axis.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Centre of Rotation of the Human Subtalar Joint Using Weight-Bearing Clinical Computed Tomography

Fernández

Hoxha

Chan

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Accurate in vivo quantification of subtalar joint kinematics can provide important information for the clinical evaluation of subtalar joint function; the analysis of outcome of surgical procedures of the hindfoot; and the design of a replacement subtalar joint prosthesis. The objective of the current study was to explore the potential of full weight-bearing clinical computed tomography (ct) to evaluate the helical axis and centre of rotation of the subtalar joint during inversion and eversion motion. A subject specific methodology was proposed for the definition of the subtalar joint motion combining threedimensional (3D) weight-bearing imaging at different joint positions with digital volume correlation (DVC). The computed subtalar joint helical axis parameters showed consistency across all healthy subjects and in line with previous data under simulated loads. A sphere fitting approach was introduced for the computation of subtalar joint centre of rotation, which allows to demonstrate that this centre of rotation is located in the middle facet of the subtalar joint. Some translation along the helical axis was also observed, reflecting the elasticity of the soft-tissue restraints. This study showed a novel technique for non-invasive quantitative analysis of bone-to-bone motion under full weight-bearing of the hindfoot. Identifying different joint kinematics in patients with ligamentous laxity and instability, or in the presence of stiffness and arthritis, could help clinicians to define optimal patient-specific treatments. The subtalar joint describes an articulation between talus and calcaneus, forming one of two joints of the hindfoot with the tibiotalar or ankle joint above the talus and the subtalar joint below. The talus comprises of three facets (anterior, middle and posterior) that articulate with the mating facets on the calcaneus at the subtalar joint. The bones are connected by a complex of ligamentous structures that connect the talus to the calcaneus and both structures to the adjacent navicular bone, which is intricately involved in hindfoot and midfoot motion (Fig. 1). The subtalar joint is the primary joint involved in motion and posture of the hindfoot in the frontal plane. Motion is complex and it combines dorsiflexion, abduction and eversion in one direction and plantarflexion, abduction and inversion in the other 1. Problems associated to the subtalar joint can have a significant impact on function 2 , preventing participation in sports and normal daily activities. Common pathologies affecting the joint include instability following ligamentous injury 3 , and painful flat feet in children and adults. In addition, end stage ankle and hindfoot arthritis is a major problem that has been shown to affect quality of life as much as end stage heart disease 4,5. Although the incidence of subtalar joint arthritis is unknown, approximately 3.4% of the population aged over 50 has radiographic hindfoot arthritis, which is more than 300,000 people in the UK 6. The most common cause of subtalar joint arthri...

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Centre of Rotation of the Human Subtalar Joint Using Weight-Bearing Clinical Computed Tomography

Fernández

Hoxha

Chan

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…Tibialis posterior, by using isolated muscle work but no significant difference was found on the running step (Ferber and Pohl 2011). The passive plantar structures have also been described as being of importance for the MLA (Jastifer and Gustafson, 2014). A creep might contribute to an increased eversion of the STJ.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in Pes Planus and Pes Cavus subtalar eversion/inversion before and after prolonged running, using a two-dimensional digital analysis

Sinclair¹,

Svantesson²,

Sjöström³

et al. 2017

J Exerc Rehabil

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In sports, there is a constant discussion about the hyper-pronation and supination of the foot during loading and its relation to injuries or discomfort. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the possible differences in the subtalar joint in the midstance phase of running, between individuals with Pes Planus and Pes Cavus, after 5 min and 45 min of running. Thirty-four subjects, meeting the requirements for Pes Planus (30 feet) and Pes Cavus (35 feet), according to the criteria for Medial Longitudinal Arch-angle, were included in the study. The calcaneal vertical angle, representing the eversion/inversion of the subtalar joint, was measured using with two-dimensional digital analysis and Dartfish Software with the subjects running barefoot on a treadmill, before and after 45 min of outside running wearing shoes. Both individuals with Pes Cavus and Pes Planus showed a significant increase in the calcaneal eversion (P<0.05) after 45 min of running. Between the groups, there was a significantly greater eversion of the Pes Planus, on the right foot, after 45 min of running (P<0.05) compared to the Pes Cavus. The effect of fatigue evident in the present study suggests that further biomechanical research should be considered when exposing the foot to the repetitive nature of running, conditions most likely responsible for the overrepresented overuse injuries among runners.

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“…Although often mentioned, the subtalar joint and its relevant structures are less well understood. [56][57][58] Three separate articulations exist between the talus and the calcaneus. The inferior surface of the talus has 3 facets (anterior, middle, and posterior calcaneal facets), whereas the calcaneus has 3 corresponding surfaces (anterior, middle, and posterior talar facets).…”

Section: Subtalar Jointmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Ankle-Joint Complex: A Kinesiologic Approach to Lateral Ankle Sprains

McKeon

Hoch

2019

Journal of Athletic Training

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Copious research exists regarding ankle instability, yet lateral ankle sprains (LASs) persist in being among the most common recurrent musculoskeletal injuries. Key anatomical structures of the ankle include a triform articulating structure that includes the inferior tibiofibular, talocrural, and subtalar joints. Functionally, force absorption and propulsion through the ankle complex are necessary for any task that occurs in weight bearing. For optimal ankle performance and avoidance of injury, an intricate balance between stability and mobility is necessary to ensure that appropriate force transfer occurs during sports and activities of daily living. Consideration for the many structures that may be directly or indirectly involved in LASs will likely translate into advancements in clinical care. In this clinical review, we present the structure, function, and relevant pathologic states of the ankle complex to stimulate a better understanding of the prevention, evaluation, and treatment of LASs.

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The subtalar joint: Biomechanics and functional representations in the literature

Cited by 61 publications

References 52 publications

Centre of Rotation of the Human Subtalar Joint Using Weight-Bearing Clinical Computed Tomography

Centre of Rotation of the Human Subtalar Joint Using Weight-Bearing Clinical Computed Tomography

Differences in Pes Planus and Pes Cavus subtalar eversion/inversion before and after prolonged running, using a two-dimensional digital analysis

The Ankle-Joint Complex: A Kinesiologic Approach to Lateral Ankle Sprains

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