The Subplate, A Transient Neocortical Structure: Its Role in the Development of Connections between Thalamus and Cortex

Allendoerfer, Karen L.; Shatz, Carla J.

doi:10.1146/annurev.ne.17.030194.001153

Cited by 616 publications

(343 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…Namely, the circuitry develops very early in the deep neocortical anlage situated below the cortical plate 17 and involves neurons of the subplate zone. 5 In animal experiments, it has been shown that this transient fetal circuitry of the subplate zone is functional, 23,24 characterized by endogeneous spontaneous activity and involved in several activity-dependent events such as the formation of ocular dominance columns in the fetal visual cortex. 25,26 As the transient subplate zone is best developed in humans and at the peak of its development is four times thicker than the cortical plate 5 and contains well-differentiated neurons, 4,10,27 it probably has a substantial role in development of cortical circuitry and generation of cortical activity in brains of preterm infants.…”

Section: Comparison Of Mri and Histological Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, experimental data suggest that thalamocortical activity can modulate the early spontaneous activity of transient subplate circuitry. 23,24 In the immature human cerebrum, thalamocortical fibres grow through the intermediate zone as early as the 9th postovulatory week (POW), accumulate in the superficial part of the subplate zone between the 22nd and 24th POW, and penetrate the cortical plate between the 24th and 28th POW. 2,5,18,20 Thus, thalamocortical fibres represent a major input to the fetal cortex, while their prolonged presence ('waiting' period) within the subplate zone facilitates their interaction with subplate neurons and other cellular elements.…”

Section: Comparison Of Mri and Histological Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prolonged coexistence of transient and permanent circuitry elements in the developing cerebral cortex of fetuses and preterm infants

Kostović

Judaš

2006

Develop Med Child Neuro

139

117

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The aim of this paper is to evaluate correlative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and histological parameters of development of cortical afferents during pathfinding and target selection in transient fetal cerebral laminas in human fetuses and preterm infants. The transient fetal subplate zone, situated between the fetal white matter (i.e. intermediate zone) and the cortical plate, is the crucial laminar compartment for development of thalamocortical and corticocortical afferents. The prolonged coexistence of transient (endogenously active) and permanent (sensorydriven) circuitry within the transient fetal zones is a salient feature of the fetal and preterm cortex; this transient circuitry is the substrate of cerebral functions in preterm infants. Another transient aspect of organization of developing fibre pathways is the abundance of extracellular matrix and guidance molecules in periventricular crossroads of projection and corticocortical pathways. Both the subplate zone and periventricular crossroads are visible on MRI in vivo and in vitro. Hypoxic-ischaemic lesions of periventricular crossroads are the substrate for motor, sensory, and cognitive deficits after focal periventricular leukomalacia (PVL). Lesions of distal portions of the white matter and the subplate zone are the substrate for diffuse PVL. The neuronal elements in transient fetal zones form a developmental potential for plasticity after perinatal cerebral lesions.Our understanding and interpretation of structural and functional consequences of cerebral lesions in human fetuses and preterm infants largely depends on knowledge of neurogenetic cellular events that can be demonstrated by in vivo neuroimaging. A necessary step in this approach is the correlation between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and histological organization during different phases of histogenesis. Namely, in the fetal cerebrum, early neurogenetic cellular events (i.e. proliferation, migration, aggregation, cell death, growth of axons, and the establishment of neuronal connections) proceed according to the specific timetable within transient, histologically recognizable fetal zones which do not have an equivalent in the adult brain. 1 During the last third of gestation, neuronal proliferation and migration are mostly completed 1 whereas the development of axonal pathways 2,3 and the differentiation of cortical neurons 4 become the most prominent neurogenetic events. Synaptogenesis continues as the dominant neurogenetic event during postnatal life. In addition to precise timing, these neurogenetic events also display a characteristic spatial occurrence: neuronal proliferation occurs in the ventricular and subventricular zones, whereas neuronal migration and growth of axons occur predominantly in the intermediate zone (the fetal white matter) and the subplate zone, which is situated between the intermediate zone and the cortical plate. 1 Neuronal differentiation and synaptogenesis begin in the transient subplate zone 5 and continue in the cortical plate. 1,5 Recent research in...

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Section: Comparison Of Mri and Histological Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Comparison Of Mri and Histological Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prolonged coexistence of transient and permanent circuitry elements in the developing cerebral cortex of fetuses and preterm infants

Kostović

Judaš

2006

Develop Med Child Neuro

139

117

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“…This approach permits the study of the direct function of p75NTR, as well as the analysis of p75NTR signaling pathways in the absence of other cell types. The majority of immunopurified cells have a pyramidal morphology, typical of subplate neurons in vivo (Friauf et al, 1990;Allendoerfer and Shatz, 1994), and readily extend processes on a fibronectin substrate in vitro (Fig. 2a).…”

Section: Purification and Identification Of Subplate Neurons In Culturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Subplate neurons are among the earliest-generated neurons of developing cerebral cortex and form the deepest layer below the developing cortical plate (Allendoerfer and Shatz, 1994). They are the first cortical neurons to differentiate and become incorporated into functional neuronal circuits, where they are needed for the establishment of thalamocortical connections (Friauf et al, 1990;Ghosh et al, 1990;Ghosh and Shatz, 1993).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They are the first cortical neurons to differentiate and become incorporated into functional neuronal circuits, where they are needed for the establishment of thalamocortical connections (Friauf et al, 1990;Ghosh et al, 1990;Ghosh and Shatz, 1993). However, unlike later-generated cortical neurons, large numbers of subplate neurons undergo programmed cell death during early postnatal development (Allendoerfer and Shatz, 1994;Spreafico et al, 1995;Price et al, 1997). This raises the question of how a mature population of CNS neurons that is fully integrated into a functioning circuit are selectively eliminated, and conversely, what signal transduction pathways control their survival.…”

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confidence: 99%

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A Novel p75NTR Signaling Pathway Promotes Survival, Not Death, of Immunopurified Neocortical Subplate Neurons

2001

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Subplate neurons of mammalian neocortex undergo pronounced cell death postnatally, long after they have matured and become incorporated into functional cortical circuits. They express the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR), which is known to signal cell death in some types of neurons via the activation of sphingomyelinase and the concomitant increase in the sphingolipid ceramide. To evaluate the role of p75NTR in subplate neurons, they were immunopurified and culturedin vitro. Contrary to its known function as a death receptor, ligand binding to p75NTR promotes subplate neuron survival. Moreover, p75NTR-dependent survival is blocked by inhibition of ceramide synthesis and rescued by addition of its precursor sphingomyelin. Inhibition of Trk signaling does not block survival, nor is Trk signaling alone sufficient to promote survival. Thus, ligand-dependent p75NTR regulation of the ceramide pathway mediates survival in certain neurons and may represent an important target for neuroprotective drugs in degenerative diseases involving p75NTR-expressing neurons, such as Alzheimer's disease.

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Neural Circuitry of the Prefrontal Cortex in Schizophrenia

Lewis¹

1995

Arch Gen Psychiatry

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The Subplate, A Transient Neocortical Structure: Its Role in the Development of Connections between Thalamus and Cortex

Cited by 616 publications

References 86 publications

Prolonged coexistence of transient and permanent circuitry elements in the developing cerebral cortex of fetuses and preterm infants

Prolonged coexistence of transient and permanent circuitry elements in the developing cerebral cortex of fetuses and preterm infants

A Novel p75NTR Signaling Pathway Promotes Survival, Not Death, of Immunopurified Neocortical Subplate Neurons

Neural Circuitry of the Prefrontal Cortex in Schizophrenia

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