The Subjective-Objective Disjunction in Psychometrically-Defined Schizotypy: What it is and Why it is Important?

Cohen, Alex S.; Mitchell, Kyle R.; Beck, Melissa R.; Hicks, Jason L.

doi:10.5127/jep.056316

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 104 publications

(139 reference statements)

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“…Using a measure of implicit affect, we found that individuals with elevated levels of SocAnh showed medium-to-large decrements in implicit positive affect compared to the Control and PerMag groups. Thus, current results suggest that the finding of decreased positive affect in SocAnh is not limited to explicit measures of positive affect (Cohen et al, 2017; Li et al, 2019). Overall, the findings of the medium-to-large differences in both implicit and explicit affect in SocAnh suggest that a defining feature of SocAnh is decreased positive affect.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

“…Tallent and Gooding (1999), Gooding et al (2006), and Ettinger et al (2015) for a review]. It has been argued that this also calls into question the nature of any decreased positive affect on explicit measures (e.g., self-report assessments that directly ask participants questions regarding their subjective emotional experiences; Cohen et al, 2017). Given this, it is possible that decreased positive affect in SocAnh might only be found in explicit ratings of positive affect.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Explicit and Implicit Affect and Judgment in Schizotypy

et al. 2019

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Although emotion deficits in schizotypy have been reported, the exact nature of these deficits is now well understood. Specifically, for social anhedonia (SocAnh), there are questions about whether any decrease in positive affect only reflects an explicit bias not observed in other measures (e.g., implicit affect measure). At the same time, for individuals with elevated levels of perceptual aberrations or magical ideation (PerMag), there is some evidence of an increased influence of affect on judgment. It is also possible that the influence of implicit affect on judgment might be especially pronounced in PerMag; however, this has not been previously examined. The current study involved people with elevated levels of SocAnh ( n = 95), elevated levels of PerMag ( n = 62), and people with average or lower levels of both ( n = 246). We found that SocAnh was associated with decreases in both explicit and implicit positive affect. We also found that PerMag was related to stronger relationships between implicit affect, both positive and negative, and a judgment task. These results suggest that decreased positive affect is a core feature of SocAnh and that a heightened influence of affect could be related to the development of peculiar beliefs/experiences associated with PerMag.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Explicit and Implicit Affect and Judgment in Schizotypy

et al. 2019

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“…Such paradox could be observed in many functional domains, for instance, in neuropsychological functions and affective experience. Specifically, individuals with high schizotypal traits exaggerate the extent of their subjective concerns which is far greater than the level of objective measures 42 . Li et al 43 adopted a multidimensional approach to reveal that the deficit paradox not only exists in basic affective process, but also in emotion regulation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The previous studies found that the schizophrenia spectrum disorder is along with subjective-objective disjunction refering to a paradoxical pattern between subjective reports and objective measures 42 . Such paradox could be observed in many functional domains, for instance, in neuropsychological functions and affective experience.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Hereby, the more negative rating after ER-related priming of the schizotypy individuals in the current study may be caused by a pattern of paradox in emotion regulation process. Cohen et al 42 suggested that cognitive bias may underlie such subjective and objective disjunction to some extent. Thus, we speculated that even if ER-related priming could not modulate negative emotion of schizotypy, a potential cognitive bias may prompt schizotypy group to exaggerate their negative feelings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Implicit emotion regulation deficits in individuals with high schizotypal traits: an ERP study

Hoid

Pan

Wang

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Schizotypy is associated with poor emotion regulation that is thought to contribute to the development of psychotic symptoms and to indicate a predisposition to schizophrenia. Having focused primarily on the relationship between schizotypy and explicit emotion regulation, existing studies have, until now, neglected to acknowledge the potentially important role of implicit emotion regulation. Our aim in the current study was to investigate implicit emotion regulation deficits in schizotypy. To this end, we used a newly developed Priming-Identification (PI) ERP paradigm, consisting of a priming phase and an emotion identification phase, to test 30 individuals with schizotypy and 30 healthy controls while also acquiring EEG data. During the priming phase, we aimed to manipulate emotion regulation goals (i.e., to bring about an intended emotional state) by presenting a category of words related to emotion regulation alongside a category of control words. Associated brain responses occurring during the subsequent stage were indexed according to three ERP components: N170, early posterior negativity (EPN) and late positive potential (LPP). Results showed that, in the control group, priming words associated with emotion regulation led to enhancements in the early N170 amplitude and the middle EPN during expression identification. The same pattern was not observed in the schizotypy group. In summary, our results suggest the presence of deficits in the early and middle stages of the implicit emotion regulation process among individuals with high schizotypal traits.

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Empathic accuracy in individuals with schizotypal personality traits

Hu,

Guo,

Zheng

et al. 2024

PsyCh Journal

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Empirical research using the Empathic Accuracy Task (EAT) has suggested that schizophrenia patients and people with schizotypal personality disorder exhibit lower empathic accuracy than healthy people. However, empathic accuracy in a subclinical sample with high levels of schizotypy has seldom been studied. Our study aimed to investigate empathy in a subclinical sample using the Chinese version of the EAT and a self‐report empathy measure. Forty participants with high levels of schizotypy (HS participants) and 40 with low levels of schizotypy (LS participants), as measured by the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ), were recruited. All participants completed the Chinese version of the EAT and the self‐report Questionnaire of Cognitive and Affective Empathy. Empathic accuracy (EA) scores and the intra‐individual variability of EA scores were calculated. Independent samples t tests and Pearson correlation analyses were performed to examine group differences in empathy and the relationship between empathy and schizotypy respectively. HS participants exhibited reduced EA for both positive and negative videos, and larger intra‐individual variability of EA for negative videos than LS participants. However, HS and LS participants did not differ in self‐report cognitive empathy. Moreover, the interpersonal dimension of the SPQ was negatively correlated with EAT performance and self‐report cognitive empathy in LS participants. Individuals with HS show poorer performance‐based EA but relatively intact self‐report cognitive empathy. This study provides empirical evidence for the ontogeny of empathy deficits in subclinical populations at risk of developing schizophrenia, supporting early interventions for social cognitive deficits.

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The Subjective-Objective Disjunction in Psychometrically-Defined Schizotypy: What it is and Why it is Important?

Cited by 14 publications

References 104 publications

Explicit and Implicit Affect and Judgment in Schizotypy

Explicit and Implicit Affect and Judgment in Schizotypy

Implicit emotion regulation deficits in individuals with high schizotypal traits: an ERP study

Empathic accuracy in individuals with schizotypal personality traits

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