The subjective-objective deficit paradox in schizotypy extends to emotion regulation and awareness

Li, Lilian Y.; Karcher, Nicole R.; Kerns, John G.; Fung, Christie K.; Martin, Elizabeth A

doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.01.026

Cited by 19 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…This is clearly problematic, particularly once we begin to consider the effects of mental health disorders on self-awareness. There is increasing evidence for subjective deficits in self (emotion) regulation in social anhedonia, while objective performance remains intact (198); these subjective deficits, however, would be sufficient to bias the processing of social information. In addition, low pleasure beliefs are documented in relation to social anhedonia (199), and these low pleasure beliefs appear to play a role in predicting the likelihood that future pleasurable events will occur (200).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Transdiagnostic Perspective on Social Anhedonia

2019

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Humans are highly social beings, yet people with social anhedonia experience reduced interest in or reward from social situations. Social anhedonia is a key facet of schizotypal personality, an important symptom of schizophrenia, and increasingly recognized as an important feature in a range of other psychological disorders. However, to date, there has been little examination of the similarities and differences in social anhedonia across diagnostic borders. Here, our goal was to conduct a selective review of social anhedonia in different psychological and life course contexts, including the psychosis continuum, depressive disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, eating disorders, and autism spectrum disorders, along with developmental and neurobiological factors. Current evidence suggests that the nature and expression of social anhedonia vary across psychological disorders with some groups showing deficient learning about, enjoyment from, and anticipation of the pleasurable aspects of social interactions, while for others, some of these components appear to remain intact. However, study designs and methodologies are diverse, the roles of developmental and neurobiological factors are not routinely considered, and direct comparisons between diagnostic groups are rare—which prevents a more nuanced understanding of the underlying mechanisms involved. Future studies, parsing the wanting, liking, and learning components of social reward, will help to fill gaps in the current knowledge base. Consistent across disorders is diminished pleasure from social situations, subsequent withdrawal, and poorer social functioning in those who express social anhedonia. Nonetheless, feelings of loneliness often remain, which suggests the need for social connection is not entirely absent. Adolescence is a particularly important period of social and neural development and may provide a valuable window on the developmental origins of social anhedonia. Adaptive social functioning is key to recovery from mental health disorders; therefore, understanding the intricacies of social anhedonia will help to inform treatment and prevention strategies for a range of diagnostic categories.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Transdiagnostic Perspective on Social Anhedonia

2019

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“…Specifically, individuals with high schizotypal traits exaggerate the extent of their subjective concerns which is far greater than the level of objective measures 42 . Li et al 43 adopted a multidimensional approach to reveal that the deficit paradox not only exists in basic affective process, but also in emotion regulation. More specifically, schizotypy group reported notable disruptions in emotion regulation using self-reports, however, their performance in implicit emotion regulation task, an objective measure, did not differ from that of healthy control.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, we speculated that even if ER-related priming could not modulate negative emotion of schizotypy, a potential cognitive bias may prompt schizotypy group to exaggerate their negative feelings. Li et al 43 also indicated that the experience of ambivalence for shcizotypy might inducing opposed emotional feelings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implicit emotion regulation deficits in individuals with high schizotypal traits: an ERP study

Hoid

Pan

Wang

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Schizotypy is associated with poor emotion regulation that is thought to contribute to the development of psychotic symptoms and to indicate a predisposition to schizophrenia. Having focused primarily on the relationship between schizotypy and explicit emotion regulation, existing studies have, until now, neglected to acknowledge the potentially important role of implicit emotion regulation. Our aim in the current study was to investigate implicit emotion regulation deficits in schizotypy. To this end, we used a newly developed Priming-Identification (PI) ERP paradigm, consisting of a priming phase and an emotion identification phase, to test 30 individuals with schizotypy and 30 healthy controls while also acquiring EEG data. During the priming phase, we aimed to manipulate emotion regulation goals (i.e., to bring about an intended emotional state) by presenting a category of words related to emotion regulation alongside a category of control words. Associated brain responses occurring during the subsequent stage were indexed according to three ERP components: N170, early posterior negativity (EPN) and late positive potential (LPP). Results showed that, in the control group, priming words associated with emotion regulation led to enhancements in the early N170 amplitude and the middle EPN during expression identification. The same pattern was not observed in the schizotypy group. In summary, our results suggest the presence of deficits in the early and middle stages of the implicit emotion regulation process among individuals with high schizotypal traits.

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“…Specifically, there are questions about how to interpret this decrease in positive affect because of an apparent “objective–subjective deficit paradox” in groups characterized by elevated SocAnh. That is, on subjective measures, these groups often report experiencing deficits while smaller deficits are sometimes found on objective measures of the same constructs [Chun et al, 2013; Cohen et al, 2014; Mitchell and Cohen, 2017; Li et al, 2019; cf. Tallent and Gooding (1999), Gooding et al (2006), and Ettinger et al (2015) for a review].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Explicit and Implicit Affect and Judgment in Schizotypy

et al. 2019

Self Cite

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Although emotion deficits in schizotypy have been reported, the exact nature of these deficits is now well understood. Specifically, for social anhedonia (SocAnh), there are questions about whether any decrease in positive affect only reflects an explicit bias not observed in other measures (e.g., implicit affect measure). At the same time, for individuals with elevated levels of perceptual aberrations or magical ideation (PerMag), there is some evidence of an increased influence of affect on judgment. It is also possible that the influence of implicit affect on judgment might be especially pronounced in PerMag; however, this has not been previously examined. The current study involved people with elevated levels of SocAnh ( n = 95), elevated levels of PerMag ( n = 62), and people with average or lower levels of both ( n = 246). We found that SocAnh was associated with decreases in both explicit and implicit positive affect. We also found that PerMag was related to stronger relationships between implicit affect, both positive and negative, and a judgment task. These results suggest that decreased positive affect is a core feature of SocAnh and that a heightened influence of affect could be related to the development of peculiar beliefs/experiences associated with PerMag.

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The subjective-objective deficit paradox in schizotypy extends to emotion regulation and awareness

Cited by 19 publications

References 89 publications

A Transdiagnostic Perspective on Social Anhedonia

A Transdiagnostic Perspective on Social Anhedonia

Implicit emotion regulation deficits in individuals with high schizotypal traits: an ERP study

Explicit and Implicit Affect and Judgment in Schizotypy

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