The subchronic exposure to malathion, an organophosphate pesticide, causes lipid peroxidation, oxidative stress, and tissue damage in rats: the protective role of resveratrol

Abstract

The present study was planned to evaluate the protective role of resveratrol (Res) against subchronic malathion exposure in rats over four weeks. In total, 48 Wistar rats were used and divided equally into six groups. The groups were designed as the control group (received only a rodent diet and tap water), the corn oil group (0.5 ml corn oil by the oral route), and the malathion group (100 mg kg day by the oral route). Other three groups received malathion (100 mg kg day) plus Res (5, 10, and 20 mg kg day, respectively) by the oral route. Malathion increased malondialdehyde and 8-OHdG levels, whereas it decreased glutathione levels. Also, acetylcholinesterase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase activities were found to be low in the blood, liver, kidney, heart, and brain tissues. Biochemical parameters were not notably changed in all groups. In contrast, Res treatment inverted malathion-induced oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, and activity of enzymes. Additionally, malathion-induced histopathological changes in the liver, kidney, heart, and brain were ameliorated by Res treatment. These results demonstrate that malathion increases oxidative stress and decreases the antioxidant status while Res has a protective function against malathion toxicity in rats.

Therapeutic effects of N-acetylcysteine against malathion-induced hepatotoxicity

“…Attachment of resulting free radicals to hepatocyte membranes leads to LPO which damages these membranes and causes necrosis, thereby causing structural breakdowns in hepatocytes membranes, leading to their damage and release of intracellular cytosol (AST, ALT, ALP, and LDH) into the blood (Celik and Suzek, 2008). Analysis of GSH and MDA by Akbel et al (2018), Lasram et al (2014), and Bhatti et al (2013) showed consistent results with those of the current study.…”

“…This could be attributed to the liver injury evidenced by disturbed biochemical parameters and also confirmed by histopathological findings including hemorrhage, congestion, and collagen deposition as will be discussed below. Studies conducted by Akbel et al (2018) and Lasram et al (2014) also reported liver injury after malathion administration. After NAC treatment, there was significant decrease in ALT, AST, ALP, and LDH serum concentrations; this goes in agreement with Lasram et al (2014) after NAC supplementation, and this may be attributed to the hepatoprotective effects of NAC and resulting attenuation of liver damage as reported by biochemical parameters analysis and by histopathological findings in the present study.…”

“…The widely spread use of organophosphate pesticides by public health, and industrial and agricultural programs has resulted in significant potential health hazards for all living organisms, including human beings (Akbel et al 2018).…”

Organophosphate toxicity: updates of malathion potential toxic effects in mammals and potential treatments

“…Mammals can be adversely affected by MAL through nearly any route of exposure, including the oral ingestion of food and drinking water contaminated with MAL (Sapbamrer and Hongsibsong 2014;Akbel et al 2018), dermal absorption (Geng et al 2015b), conjunctival (Kamanyire and Karalliedde 2004), and respiratory exposure through occupational or nonoccupational during contact with contaminated soil and plants, working at pesticides factories, handling and applying of MAL, or from accidental spills (Machera et al 2003;Ozsoy et al 2016). Acute MAL toxicity occurs mostly orally (Esen and Uysal 2018); however, the major route of occupational exposure is the dermal one (Tchounwou et al 2015).…”

Protective effects of selenium on malathion-induced testicular toxicity in mice

“…They also showed that malathion produced a significant increase in malondialdehyde levels whereas decreased glutathione levels, superoxide dismutase, catalase activities as well as serum and tissue acetylcholinesterase levels in rats (Ince et al, 2017b). Similarly, malathion has recently been showed to increase malondialdehyde and to decrease glutathione, acetylcholinesterase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase activities in the blood, liver, kidney, heart and brain tissues of rats (Akbel et al, 2018). Uzun et al (2009) studied the protective effects of vitamin C and E in malathion induced testicular toxicity.…”