The sub-lethal impact of plastic and tire rubber leachates on the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis

Bioaccessibility of organic compounds associated with tire particles using a fish in vitro digestive model: solubilization kinetics and effects of food co-ingestion

“…The potential toxic impact of these tire-associated chemicals for aquatic biota has been mainly assessed by laboratory experiments with organisms exposed to aqueous leachates of unaltered tire particles [13][14][15][16][17][18] . A few studies explored the toxicity of aged tire particle leachates 19,20 .…”

“…Overall, the studies investigating the toxicity of tire particle leachates led to contrasting results. These could originate from the variability of the exposure conditions but may also suggests species-specific sensitivity 14,17,18,[21][22][23][24] . A recent study incriminated a 6PPD oxidation product, namely 2-((4-methylpentan-2-yl)amino)-5-(phenylamino)cyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (6PPD-Q), as responsible for acute toxicity to Coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), threatening the local population of this fish species in urban creeks of Seattle (United States of America) 25,26 .…”

A whale of a plastic tale: A plea for interdisciplinary studies to tackle micro- and nanoplastic pollution in the marine realm

“…Only four papers run screening analyses of the chemical content of the plastic employed in the manipulative experiments, i.e., new single-use plastic bags (Ke et al, 2019), new and aged spat collectors and synthetic ropes used in in pearl-framing gear (Gardon et al, 2020), stranded microplastics (Cormier et al, 2021), and virgin low-density polyethylene, post-consumer LDPE frozen vegetable package and recycled styrene-butadiene rubber (Lehtiniemi et al, 2021). Finally, when leachates were screened (i.e., in 14 of the 27 papers returned by our literature survey), the screening essentially targeted either trace elements or organic additives, but barely both, tough exceptions exist (Tetu et al, 2019;Capolupo et al, 2020Capolupo et al, , 2021Schiavo et al, 2021); see Table 1. For some, the screening was specifically directed towards specific chemical compounds such as brominated flame retardants, plasticizer bisphenol A or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs; Table 1).…”

Bioaccessibility of Organic Compounds Associated with Tire Particles Using a Fish In Vitro Digestive Model: Solubilization Kinetics and Effects of Food Coingestion

“…The potential toxic impact of these tire-associated chemicals for aquatic biota has been mainly assessed by laboratory experiments with organisms exposed to aqueous leachates of unaltered tire particles. − A few studies explored the toxicity of aged tire particle leachates. , These studies were conducted with heterogeneous experimental conditions (temperature of leaching, pH of leaching solution, and salinity), which could impact the solubilization and further bioaccessibility of tire-associated compounds. Overall, the studies investigating the toxicity of tire particle leachates led to contrasting results.…”

“…Overall, the studies investigating the toxicity of tire particle leachates led to contrasting results. These could originate from the variability of the exposure conditions but may also suggest species-specific sensitivity. ,,,− A recent study incriminated a 6PPD oxidation product, namely, 2-((4-methylpentan-2-yl)­amino)-5-(phenylamino)­cyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (6PPD-Q), as responsible for acute toxicity to Coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), threatening the local population of this fish species in urban creeks of Seattle. , 6PPD-Q was also found to be highly toxic for two other salmonid species (Brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) and Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)) but not for five other fish species and two crustacean species, − suggesting a species-specific mode of action for this chemical.…”