The Study on Biophysical Peatland Landscape in Sebangau National Park: Case in Mangkok Resort

Abstract

ABSTRAKKebakaran dan penebangan liar merupakan penyebab utama degradasi Hutan Rawa Gambut (HRG). Degradasi tersebut telah menyebabkan perubahan kondisi biotik dan abiotik HRG. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran komposisi jenis, simpanan karbon, faktor fisik tanah, dan makrofauna tanah yang menjadi indikator perubahan kondisi lahan akibat kerusakan HRG. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada areal HRG yang terdegradasi akibat kebakaran dan penebangan liar. Lokasi plot pengamatan didasarkan pada jarak dari sungai, yakni <1,5; <4; dan <10 km. Parameter pengamatan meliputi komposisi jenis penyusun tegakan dan indeks-indeks ekologinya, besarnya potensi simpanan karbon, kondisi fisik tanah (bobot jenis), dan keragaman makrofauna tanah. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan keseluruhan parameter pengukuran tidak berbeda antara ketiga lokasi. Berdasarkan kondisi tersebut, penyebab utama degradasi memberikan pengaruh (perubahan kondisi biotik dan abiotik) yang sama dalam luasan yang sangat luas dengan jarak 10 km. Hal ini terjadi karena parameter-parameter yang diukur tersebut sangat sensitif/peka terhadap perubahan yang terjadi. ABSTRACT Fire and illegal logging are main causes of peat swamp forest (PSF) degradation. Degradation causes biotic and abiotic changes of PSF. This reasearch was designed to collect data on description of species composition, carbon stock, soil physical factors, and soil macrofauna as indicators of changes in land condition due to PSF degradation.This research was conducted on degraded PSF area caused by fire and illegal logging. Sample plots were located based on the distance from the river i.e., <1.5; <4; and <10 km. Parameters measured included species composition of the stands and their ecological indices, carbon stock potention, soil physical condition (density), and soil macrofauna diversity. Research results showed that all of the parameters in those three locations were not significantly different. Based on those conditions, the main causes of degradation gave the same effects (biotic and abiotic changes) in the very ranged area with 10 km distances. These results were caused by the condition that all parameters measured were very sensitive to changes occurred in all experimental location.