The study of varietal and sowing qualities of zoned varieties of spring barley in the primary links of seed production in the conditions of the central part of the Ryazan region

Abstract

Relevance. Over the past 15 years, a large variety of crops, including barley, has been observed in the fields of the region, which, unfortunately, is not in favor of domestic varieties. The most important task for the next decade is not only import substitution with competitive varieties of domestic breeding, namely, providing the agro-industrial complex with seeds of varieties of domestic breeding.Methods. The object of research was commercial varieties of spring barley Vladimir, Yaromir, Reliable, Noble and Raphael, of various uses.Results. Quantitative characteristics of the selected elite ears revealed that the largest ear length (8.2–8.4 cm), the number of grains in the ear (24.4–25.2 pcs.) and the weight of grain from the ear (1.26–1.28 g) were characterized by Yaromir and Noble varieties. Rigid rejection of elite plants and rejection of families in PIP-1 (up to 72.1 % on average) make it possible to obtain high-quality conditioned barley seeds for laying PIP-2. The grain obtained from the nurseries of primary seed production differed in size. The weight of 1000 grains varied by year in PIP-1 from 50.4 g (Yaromir variety, 2021) to 58.9 g (Noble variety, 2020), in PIP-2 from 47.2 g (Raphael variety, 2021) to 53.3 g (Noble variety, 2022). The highest yields were characterized by varieties of modern breeding — Noble (from 4.04 to 5.50 t/ha) and Raphael (from 4.29 to 7.65 t/ha). Over the years of research, all varieties had a high yield of conditioned seeds (VKS, %) — more than 75.0%. The maximum indicators were Yaromir and Noble varieties, having VKS of 77.9 and 78.6%, respectively. The original seeds obtained had high purity (99.76–99.96%) and germination (98.0%).